The outrage over sexual attacks against female revellers in Bengaluru on new year’s eve further grew after the video of a woman being groped and molested on a street in Kamanahalli locality the same night went viral. The main accused has been identified and four arrests have been made in connection with this incident, according to this report in Firstpost.

 
 
In 2015, of 5,112 cases registered under Section 354, only 69 (1.3%) ended in conviction. Of the 9,118 persons arrested in these cases, only 107 (1.2%) were convicted.
 
Source: National Crime Records Bureau
 
Across India, 82,422 cases of sexual assault were registered, of which 8,408 (10%) ended in conviction. Of 101,571 persons arrested for these attacks, 11,342 (11%) were convicted.
 
While the number of cases under this section rose by 92% from 42,968 in 2011 to 82,422 in 2015, conviction rates declined from 16% in 2011 to 10% in 2015.
 
Maharashtra reported the most sexual assaults (11,713), followed by Madhya Pradesh (8,049) and Uttar Pradesh (7,885) in 2015.
 

Source: National Crime Records Bureau; *Read as cases registered for ‘incidents’, and persons arrested for ‘persons’
 
The rise in cases registered can be correlated to the change in laws–which were tightened, possibly leading to higher reporting–after the 2012 gangrape of a physiotherapy student, now widely known as Nirbhaya, which sparked nationwide protests and outrage.
 
Conviction rates reduce by more than 1/4th for Section 509 cases
 
In 2015, 8,685 cases were registered in India under Section 509 of the IPC–“Insult to modesty of women”, of which no more than 870 (10%) resulted in conviction, a drop of 33 percentage points from 43% conviction rate in 2011.
 
Under this section, 9,870 were arrested across India, of which 1,108 were convicted (11%).
 

*Read as cases registered for ‘incidents’, and persons arrested for ‘persons’
 
In Karnataka, of 154 cases registered under Section 509 in 2015, no more than seven (5%) ended in a conviction. Of the 163 persons arrested in these cases, nine (6%) were convicted.
 

 
(Saha is an MA Gender and Development student at Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.)

Courtesy: India Spend
 

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As the incidents drew widespread outrage with no action from the police, Bengaluru’s new Commissioner of Police, Praveen Sood through a series of tweets tonight, said his team was working on the case silently.

“As promised we have found credible evidence in a case of wrongful confinement, molestation and attempt to rob,” Sood had said in a tweet.

“We have taken action by registering an FIR. Investigation is in progress. Police is working…. though silently,” he had said in another tweet.

Stating that enquiry is underway by an officer of DCP rank, he has said that they have gone through the feeds from 45 cameras on MG road, and unedited video is available with police.

Eyewitness accounts had suggested that women were molested and groped and lewd remarks were also passed by miscreants late night on 31 December in the posh area even as it was claimed that 1,500 police personnel had been deployed to control the crowds.

Police had earlier said that no one had come forward to file a complaint about the incident.

If any lady lodges a complaint of molestation that took place on 31 December night, the police will not waste even a minute in registering a case and launch a probe, Sood had tweeted on 2 January, adding even without a complainant if police finds credible evidence of molestation, a case will be registered suo motu without waiting.

Sood took over as the City Police Commissioner from N S Megharikh, on 1 January.

Sood said “It’s a case of molestation clubbed with some attempt to robbery etc;Police teams working,confident about arresting the accused.”

“We have nothing to hide and no one to protect; assure we will make the city safer by taking action against the accused” Sood told ANI
 

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The men, who hunted in packs, yet were not necessarily linked or even known to each other, must be sitting around somewhere bragging about what they did that night, safe and secure in the knowledge that once again, they got away with it. The police and government must be held accountable. This is criminal negligence of duty by the Karnataka government and those responsible for this must be punished. In particular, the statement of Karnataka Home Minister G Parameshwara in a television interview that "such things happen" and the reason is the "western" ways of youth and the way that "women dress" is utterly abhorrent. He has no right to continue in office.

Karnataka is also the state where lawmakers have been caught on camera more than once watching porno on their phones while attending the state assembly. This is also the state where right-wing vigilante groups like the Ram Sene have raided bars and beaten up young women, earning praise for their actions from political leaders. This is also the state where the notorious slogan of love jihad resulted in violence against women choosing partners for themselves with inter-community relationships in Mangalore.

The proud tradition of great social reformers of Karnataka like Basavanna who fought against caste and against gender inequality is in stark contrast to the degeneration of standards of public life which particularly impact women's security and safety. When leaders behave in a manner utterly contemptuous of and demeaning to women, the social example set is mimicked by their followers. But Bengaluru is not the only city where such incidents have occurred. Earlier there were somewhat similar incidents, though not of the same scale, in Mumbai and Delhi and other cities.

The backlash against women's assertion of autonomy has been savage and severe in India. From schools and colleges, to workplaces and public spaces of enjoyment and fun, the increasing presence of girls and young women in non-traditional roles outside the four walls of the patriarchal home challenges the asymmetric power relations between men and women. The women present on MG Road suffered the backlash of misogyny backed by sexual violence.

Every time such a dreadful incident occurs, women take a step backward, their confidence sapped. Sometimes women are forced to give up that public space. This year, according to reports, the celebrations across cities were muted. Demonetisation was a decisive factor, but it is also true that in Delhi for example, young women were wary of venturing out into public places, precisely because of their fear and apprehension of incidents such as that which occurred in Bengaluru. Campaigns by women's groups with slogans like "reclaim the night" urging women to establish their rights night and day over public spaces in the cities they live in are important messages, but entirely lost on those responsible for building the infrastructure to ensure a safe and secure environment for girls and women.

As a World Health Organization primer against sexual violence put it, "cultural and social norms are highly influential in shaping individual behavior." In India, socially conservative and fundamentalist forces, now with political patronage, seek to stem the tide of change and promote cultures which blame and shame women for the crimes committed against them, thus creating an environment of social sanction for certain acts considered "punishment" meted out to "wayward women." It is the Sita syndrome: cross the Lakshman Rekha and you become a legitimate target of male violence and ultimately get punished for it. Already the echoes of December 2012 can be heard in Bengaluru. In that year, Nirbhaya, the 23-year-old intern, victim of the most barbaric violence in Delhi, was blamed by some for being out at night with a male friend. How many times have young women victims been asked "But what were you doing there?" followed by a version of "you were asking for it." In retrograde attitudes towards women, most political parties, like the Home Minister who belongs to a Congress-led government speak, in the same voice. It was Mohan Bhagwat of the RSS who blamed the adoption of "Western cultures" for increasing crime against women; now, we have a Congress minister echoing his words.

But along with the aspect of government and police accountability, every adult citizen who was there that night and who did nothing to help the women being targeted have failed basic responsibility and humanity. In case after case, it is the indifference of society, of those present, which provides the ultimate strength to the perpetrators of violence against women. For women activists working to alter the power relations and to make India a safer place for women, the biggest hurdle is that of the active refusal of most people to get involved to prevent the violence which is occurring before their eyes. It may be a case of a student being harassed in a bus, or a working woman in her factory, or a young couple holding hands being harassed in a cinema hall: silence in the face of an obvious case of harassment provides the social environment for sexual harassers to flourish. There is no certainty of punishment for the criminal; instead, there is the certainty of impunity; there is no certainty of social and family disapproval, but on the contrary, the wearing of the mantle of masculinity by virtue of being a sexual predator, an occupation which it would seem draws many admirers. The utter hypocrisy of our society and prevalent cultures is reflected in the silence, and thereby the acquiescence, to the deteriorating situation of security and safety for women.

The answer is not to remain a silent spectator, but to stand up and be counted in the protection of women's right to live a safe life of dignity and peace.

(The author is a Politburo member of the CPI(M) and a former Member of the Rajya Sabha.The article appeared on the author's blog on Ndtv.com ans is being published here with the permission of the author)

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