cashless disaster | SabrangIndia News Related to Human Rights Sat, 11 Nov 2017 07:31:50 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.2.2 https://sabrangindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Favicon_0.png cashless disaster | SabrangIndia 32 32 Why A Flower Farmer Cannot Join The Cashless Economy, A Year After Demonetisation https://sabrangindia.in/why-flower-farmer-cannot-join-cashless-economy-year-after-demonetisation/ Sat, 11 Nov 2017 07:31:50 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2017/11/11/why-flower-farmer-cannot-join-cashless-economy-year-after-demonetisation/ Mirjapur and Indore (Madhya Pradesh): Keshu Singh Patel, 56, was nowhere to be seen at Indore’s flower market on November 7, 2017, 364 days after the government’s decision to invalidate Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes. Repeated calls to his cell phone by this reporter were answered with the message: “The number you are dialling […]

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Mirjapur and Indore (Madhya Pradesh): Keshu Singh Patel, 56, was nowhere to be seen at Indore’s flower market on November 7, 2017, 364 days after the government’s decision to invalidate Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes. Repeated calls to his cell phone by this reporter were answered with the message: “The number you are dialling is switched off.”

2flowers_620
Keshu Patel and his son Kantilal pluck marigold flowers in his field in Mirjapur, Madhya Pradesh. Post notebandi, the unpredictability of getting cash, which he needs for all his transactions–groceries, payment to labourers, transporters–has left him anxious.

On the morning of November 8, 2017, IndiaSpend found Patel plucking marigold flowers on his farm in Mirjapur, near Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh. “The phone isn’t working since the past 20 days,” said Patel. “It can’t be repaired and we don’t have the money to buy a new one right now.”
 
Patel’s predicament underscores the difficulty small farmers face in moving to digital payments, which have increased overall over the past year.
 
Though, farmers and traders said the move to demonetise notes did not have a lasting effect on prices in the flower market, the shift to payments by cheque for large transactions had delayed when farmers would get cash in hand, impacting household purchase decisions, particularly as small farmers and traders struggle with the banking system, and low financial and digital literacy.
 
Many farmers do not own a smartphone–1 billion people across India do not–so they cannot access mobile banking services or internet-based payment systems.
 
Last year, IndiaSpend had spent a day with Patel to understand the impact of demonetisation or, notebandi as it is locally known. Because of lack of cash in the market, flower prices stayed low even in the wedding season, leading to a loss of 70% of Patel’s usual income between the months of October and January.
 
One year after the decision to invalidate overnight Rs 14 lakh crore–or 86% by value of Indian currency in circulation–IndiaSpend visited Patel and the Indore flower market to know whether there were any lasting effects of the move.
 
Cash still most important, don’t use cards or cheques for payments
 
Patel is one of 118.6 million Indian farmers, as the Census recorded in 2011–equivalent to the population of the Philippines. As many as 9.8 million farmers live and work in Madhya Pradesh, one of India’s poorest states. Patel is a “small farmer”, as he has about 2.5 acres of land, less than the average land held by an Indian farmer (2.84 acres), according to the agricultural census of 2010-11, as IndiaSpend reported in December 2016.
 
This year, Patel first sold onions, which he said sold at a rate lower than what he had expected. But the main problem he faced, he said, was that traders would insist they pay him via cheque, some of them post dated. “It would take 4-5 days for the money to come into the bank account, and then we would have to go and withdraw from the bank,” he said. For everyday transactions which would barely amount to Rs 500-1,000, including paying for the transport of produce, engaging with the banking system was more trouble than it was worth.
 
“First you go to the bank to deposit the cheque,” said Patel. “When you go back to withdraw money, they will sometimes tell you the signature doesn’t match, sometimes you will be asked to get the Aadhaar card.” He said his older brother who lives in the same village sold about 25 quintal of soyabean at Rs 2,300-2,400 per quintal about five days ago, but the money hasn’t reflected in his account yet.
 
The Madhya Pradesh government had said farmers could be paid upto Rs 50,000 in cash, but reports said farmers were still being paid by cheque.
 
“We need money immediately if some disease attacks our crops. If we don’t spray the davai (insecticide or fungicide) immediately, it causes us a loss,” said Patel. This year, a part of Patel’s marigold crop withered due to a disease he calls “kapadia”, similar to blight, which blackens leaves and withers flowers.
 
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A diseased marigold plant in Keshu Singh Patel’s farm. This year, a part of his crop was spoilt because of disease.
 
When asked whether he uses a card to make payments at the local grocery store, Patel is at a loss. He said grocery shops don’t have a card, that his bank doesn’t give him a card–only cash–and then that he only has a bank account. His son, Kantilal, explains that he owns a card he uses only to withdraw money from the ATM, but right now they have no money in the bank.
 
Prices currently low in the market, but not because of notebandi
 
It is a period of low prices at the mandi (market), not because of any lasting effects of notebandi, but because of the usual ups and downs in the market, said Shabbir Abbasi, 52, a worker at Bharat flowers at the Indore mandi. “Prices should go up in some days as the wedding season begins,” he said.
 
Patel hasn’t started regularly selling his produce of marigold and chrysanthemums at the market–he said he will start in a couple of days as his produce matures and prices go up.
 
“There is no money in the market. I don’t know why,” said Champalal Kehlewad, 47, a farmer who sells his produce–flowers, soyabean, potatoes, other vegetables–at the Indore market. “It’s like even nature isn’t supporting the current government,” he said, giving the example of poor monsoons this year.
 
mandi_620
The flower market in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Last year, the month after notebandi, flower prices had stayed low even in the wedding season. But there hasn’t been a lasting impact of notebandi on prices, traders and farmers said.
 
Small transactions by cash, only big traders use cheques
 
“I still don’t have a bank account,” said Jagganath Mahadeo Bhuyyer, who goes by the name Bhausahab, and owns a flower shop in the mandi. He had told IndiaSpend last year that it was too much trouble to start and operate a bank account. “But I am going to open an account tomorrow, on Wednesday, which is an auspicious day,” he said. He said he was selling his house, and he would put money from the sale into the account.
 
Overall, India has high bank account ownership with 63% Indians owning a financial account of some kind. But only 12% used an advanced bank account service such as bill payments, insurance and loan payments in 2016, as IndiaSpend reported in October 2017.
 
Mukesh Mukati, a farmer who sells at the market, has a bank account, but he doesn’t use it regularly. “There has to be enough money in the bank to use it,” he said, explaining that he has also taken a loan from the bank. He said he runs the household on the the cash he receives at the flower market everyday.
 
For everyday transactions at the market, Bhuyyer said bank accounts were of no use. “Why would anyone who pays us Rs 200, 500, 1,000 use an account for it? Why would we pay the farmer such small amounts by cheque?”
 
It is the big traders in the flower market who receive payments by cheque.
 
Pankaj Parod, 37, a trader, has been working in the market for 15-20 years. Before notebandi, there were some payments by cheque or direct bank transfers, but most of the transactions were still in cash, he said. “Now people who buy in bulk, pay by cheque or transfer the money to the bank, but farmers still want us to pay them cash because the amounts are too small, and this delays payments,” he explained.
 
“Now there is no certainty when we will be paid,” said Gajanand, a farmer who has been selling in the market for 30 years. “But we understand that it’s not the traders fault.”
 
No one in the mandi has a credit or debit card machine for payments.
 
‘Ask the government to let traders pay farmers in cash’
 
Last year, the Patel family had about Rs 30,000-40,000 in the bank account, but they used the money for seeds for the next year, and household expenses. This summer, they spent Rs 50,000-60,000 to dig a new borewell because the old one dried in the scanty monsoon. “We borrowed money from someone we know in the village, and are now paying that money back.”
 
“Earlier we used to buy groceries–oil, sugar–in bulk but now we only buy a 1 kg of oil or ½ kg of sugar at one go,” Patel, the farmer, told IndiaSpend. “We are uncertain when the next cash payment will reach us. I’ve never been so anxious about all this in my life. But now I am,” he said.
 
“The government should say farmers can be paid in cash. We are small farmers, we don’t have black money to hide.”
 
“The good thing is that they still pay us in cash at the flower market for small transactions.”
 
(Shah is a writer/editor with IndiaSpend.)

Courtesy: India Spend
 

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New report punctures Arun Jaitley’s claims that normalcy in currency operations restored https://sabrangindia.in/new-report-punctures-arun-jaitleys-claims-normalcy-currency-operations-restored/ Sat, 18 Feb 2017 06:27:07 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2017/02/18/new-report-punctures-arun-jaitleys-claims-normalcy-currency-operations-restored/ Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Friday made a sensational claim that normalcy had been restored within few weeks of the unprecedented decision to recall 86 percent of the high-denomination currency in circulation.   Jaitley didn’t stop here. He went a step further and announced that there was absolutely no no shortage of notes in market. […]

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Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Friday made a sensational claim that normalcy had been restored within few weeks of the unprecedented decision to recall 86 percent of the high-denomination currency in circulation.
 
Jaitley didn’t stop here. He went a step further and announced that there was absolutely no no shortage of notes in market.
 
arun jaitley's claims puntured

Jaitley, according to a report by PTI, said that currency note printing presses of Reserve Bank of India as well as Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd (SPMCIL) have worked without a break to remonetise by issuing new bank notes.

Speaking at the 11th Foundation Day function of SPMCIL in the national capital, he made fun of his government’s critics saying that the easiest task during demonetisation was to pass comments and make snide remarks.

“But, the toughest work is to implement it. This is perhaps the biggest demonetisation drive in the world that was aimed at striking at the very root of corruption, black money and counterfeit currency,” he said.

 

Stating that people often commented that it may take up to one year or at least seven months to restore normalcy, he said the task has been achieved within a few weeks. “Normalcy has been restored within a few weeks and there is no shortage (of bank notes) in market for even a day,” he said.

And this has been achieved “without a single incident” of unrest anywhere in the country, he said, adding that this was possible because of the exemplary work done by the printing presses of RBI and SPMCIL who kept the supply line going.
 

However, Jaitley’s claims were far from the ground reality as millions across India continued to complain about dry ATMs even 100 days after the original announcement.

A report by IANS said that only one ATM in Laxmi Nagar of east Delhi was found dispensing cash out of a total of eight visited by its reporter. Rest either had ‘no cash’ signs or were simply ‘out of order’.
 

In posh Yusuf Sarai area of south Delhi, the ATMs of HDFC Bank, Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank (PNB), Kotak Mahindra Bank and IndusInd Bank were all found cashless. An Axis Bank ATM, according to the agency report, was the only one found with cash in the vicinity.
 
The situation in Sansad Marg (Parliament Street) was no different as none of the four State Bank of India (SBI) ATMs had cash, in addition to an Axis Bank machine near the YMCA nearby, which has not had cash since the demonetisation on November 8 last year.
In Delhi’s most happening Connaught Place, as many as eight ATMs were found to be either dysfunctional or without cash. This was reported from just two blocks of the shopping hub of Delhi.
 
(With inputs from PTI and IANS)

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The Era of Modific Medical Science is Here! https://sabrangindia.in/era-modific-medical-science-here/ Fri, 10 Feb 2017 08:05:16 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2017/02/10/era-modific-medical-science-here/ Gems from our own Surgical Strike specialist, Narendra Modi. PM Modi recently said in the Parliament that “When can you have an operation? When the body is healthy. The economy was doing well and thus our decision was taken at the right time." Newsclick brings in some gems from our own surgical strike expert.  Remember […]

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Gems from our own Surgical Strike specialist, Narendra Modi.
PM Modi recently said in the Parliament that “When can you have an operation? When the body is healthy. The economy was doing well and thus our decision was taken at the right time." Newsclick brings in some gems from our own surgical strike expert. 

Modi on Demonetisation 1_0.jpg

Remember the old one– Beheaded? No problem! Read a Vedic text and do a head transplant.

Here is a new one Feeling well? Watch out! Doctor Modi cuts open healthy bodies.

Modi on Demonetisation 2.jpg
Image Courtesy: Debraya

Modi on Demonetisation 3.jpg
Image Courtesy: Saurav Singh, Newsclick

Modi on Demonetisation.jpg
Image Courtesy: Saurav Singh, Newsclick

Courtesy: Newsclick

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‘We’ll show them what it means to be cashless’: In West UP, simmering anger against demonetisation https://sabrangindia.in/well-show-them-what-it-means-be-cashless-west-simmering-anger-against-demonetisation/ Fri, 10 Feb 2017 06:01:12 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2017/02/10/well-show-them-what-it-means-be-cashless-west-simmering-anger-against-demonetisation/ Modi’s decision to suck 86% of the cash in circulation overnight hit farmers in this region during harvest time. Image credit:  Saikat Datta   The anger against demonetisation is palpable in western Uttar Pradesh. Though the region’s Hindu and Muslim traders are not usually vocal about the impact of the demonetisation on their lives, when […]

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Modi’s decision to suck 86% of the cash in circulation overnight hit farmers in this region during harvest time.

UP elections
Image credit:  Saikat Datta
 

The anger against demonetisation is palpable in western Uttar Pradesh.

Though the region’s Hindu and Muslim traders are not usually vocal about the impact of the demonetisation on their lives, when prodded, they quietly point to setbacks caused by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s decision to invalidate old Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 currency notes overnight in November.

Members of the dominant Jat community, however, speak with candour once the topic is broached.

A lost crop

Sohram Singh, a young Jat, cultivates his family’s land in Khirwa Naobad village, about 20 km from Meerut city. It is part of the Siwalkhas Assembly constituency.

Sugarcane is the mainstay of this region. In November, when demonetisation sucked out 86% of the currency in circulation in India overnight, Singh and his father were planning to harvest their sugarcane crop and sow wheat, a regular feature in this part of the country at that time of the year.

Demonetisation hit them at the time they needed cash to buy seeds and other farm inputs, and pay labour for the harvest.

“I don’t understand what this Digital India business is, but it hit us very hard,” said Singh. “Farmers have been extremely stressed for years in this belt. Then they take away our cash and expect us to support them?”
The anger poured out slowly as his father, Inderpal Singh, listened to the conversation.

“Why should we stand in line to withdraw our money?” continued the junior Singh. “Does the government think that we have all the time in the world? Who tends to the fields during the reaping and sowing time?”

Sohram Singh finished college and attempted to get into the Army like many other Jat youngsters from villages do. Joining the famed Jat Regiment is still a matter of pride in these parts. But he fell short of the minimum height requirement by three inches. As age caught up with him, he gave up his ambitions to leave the village and settled in agriculture.

“My father and his brother were the most well educated people from this village,” he said. “In 1971, he was the only one with a Master’s degree. Had he taken up a job, we would have prospered. But he loved farming and look where we ended up. We will show them what it means for us to be cashless.”

Western Uttar Pradesh votes on February 11, the first phase of the seven-phase Assembly elections in the state.

In the neighbouring Assembly constituency of Sardhana, BJP’s Sangeet Som is the sitting MLA. He is re-contesting from this seat. In 2013, Som was arrested for his alleged involvement in the Muzaffarnagar riots in which more than 50 people were killed. After he was released on bail, he came to the aid of other Jats arrested in connection with the riots. Ideally, that should have ensured him a great amount of support in this area. However, a few days before polling, Atul Pradhan, the Samajwadi Party candidate, seems to be gaining ground here.

Nearly 60 km away, in the village of Bijrol in the constituency of Baraut, Jats are just as angry.

“We had to take material on credit once notebandi [demonetisation] hit us,” said a wizened farmer. “There is a society that works as intermediary, and decides the price for seeds, fertilisers and takes a commission from the minimum support price. With notebandi, we had to take everything on credit that comes at a 12% to 13% interest. What are we going to eat?”

The others with him, nodded in agreement.

Rajendra Singh, who worked as a teacher with the state government for decades, lamented the crisis in agriculture that demonetisation exacerbated. He returned to his village of Bijrol after he retired, and says it resembles a retirement home.

“Most of the youngsters are gone,” said Singh. “Only the seniors are left. We can work hard, but the next generation can’t. Who will do agriculture in the future? And now the notebandi has hit us. Prices have soared for fertiliser, electricity and seeds. And [Prime Minister Narendra] Modi has done nothing for us.”
 

Traders upset

In Muzzaffarnagar town, traders are also upset. The trader community has traditionally been the BJP’s core base for decades. But they faced severe hardship when demonetisation struck.

A Hindu trader in the main market, who requested that he remain unidentified, pointed to his unsold stocks and said that it had been three months since demonetisation, but the market had still not recovered.
However, he did not criticise the BJP, since he has been a supporter of the party all his life.

“My family has always been BJP supporters, and I never bothered to vote,” he said. “But this time I will.” He added that it was notebandi that has prompted him to do so.

The fact that Modi chose to personally associate himself with the decision to demonetise India’s currency seems to have tarnished his once larger-than-life image. People here mainly associate him with the decision, and most blame him.

In 2014, Karan Chandna, who runs a hardware shop in Meerut, had voted for the BJP. He was part of the Modi leher, or wave, that swept the region.

“Now we are all leher-affected and we will have to bear the pain,” he said with a half smile. The flood-affected analogy is not lost on those gathered around him. “Business fell by more than 60% and it still hasn’t recovered,” he said. “My business depends on construction but most people put off their purchases. I agree that the move may have been good. But do you see many leaders or industrialists who have been caught with their black money?”

But Sandeep Goel, the mahamantri of the Sardana Road Trader’s Association, admitted that business has been bad but he remains supportive of the BJP and the prime minister.

“Well, there are hardships and the bankers let us down,” said Goel. “But we have to lose something to gain something, don’t we?”

He plans to support the sitting BJP MLA from the Meerut cantonment constituency, but said that the BJP should have gone for a younger candidate.

A few other traders, who did not want to be identified, said that demonetisation was not a good decision.

“Do you hear the BJP talking much about notebandi?” asked one trader. “Doesn’t that tell you a tale.”
 

Jats upset

In Baghpat town too, traders are upset with the BJP, as are the Jats.

Many Jats here are vocal about their support to Ajit Singh, leader of the Rashtriya Lok Dal. Singh is the son of Jat leader, farmer icon and former Prime Minister Charan Singh.

“This time, we are with Chaudhry Ajit Singh,” is a common refrain. “He understands our pain. He will speak for us.”

Off the Budhana-Muzzaffarnagar highway, Suresh Kumar, who belongs to the Scheduled Caste, toiled in his jaggery producing centre one day last week. As the sugarcane juice was boiled and filtered, before it cooled to form fresh jaggery, he scraped off the old stock and prepared a fresh batch.

“Notebandi was hard, but I support the prime minister,” said Kumar. “I think this was a good thing.”

Such sporadic voices of support could give the BJP some solace in this region.

However, western Uttar Pradesh has 77 Assembly seats out of which Jats, who comprise 18% of the population, can influence nearly 45 seats to 48 seats.

And the Jats are angry at the BJP, and not just over demonetisation. Members of the community have not forgotten what they see as the heavy-handed treatment of Jats in BJP-ruled Haryana during riots on the issue of reservations last year.

It’s no wonder then that the Jat community is vocal about supporting the Rashtriya Lok Dal. And that is bad news for the BJP’s aspirations to capture Uttar Pradesh after more than a decade.

This article was first published on Scroll.in

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No contrition, no cash: The Centre must face facts and not believe its own half-truths https://sabrangindia.in/no-contrition-no-cash-centre-must-face-facts-and-not-believe-its-own-half-truths/ Wed, 04 Jan 2017 07:12:34 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2017/01/04/no-contrition-no-cash-centre-must-face-facts-and-not-believe-its-own-half-truths/ Savings and investment are still dipping. The flight of capital abroad continues unabated. In 1960 after the spectacular flame out of his invasion of Cuba, US President John F Kennedy exclaimed to his closest advisors: “How could I have been so stupid?” By saying that, he assumed complete responsibility for the fiasco, however ill-advised he […]

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Savings and investment are still dipping. The flight of capital abroad continues unabated.

Modi Jaitley

In 1960 after the spectacular flame out of his invasion of Cuba, US President John F Kennedy exclaimed to his closest advisors: “How could I have been so stupid?” By saying that, he assumed complete responsibility for the fiasco, however ill-advised he was and however ill-served he was by his officials. It was also an exclamation of contrition.

I listened to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s New Year’s Eve speech keenly trying to catch a sentence of contrition or assumption of responsibility. There was none. But there was a change of tone. There also was none of his characteristic sneering, distortions of historical record and half-truths. It was as if he had got a new speechwriter, as well as a new speech coach. I have no complaints with that and I hope this style will stay, and the Modi we have been seeing for the past half a decade is gone forever. India now needs a healing touch.

I have no issues with the schemes Modi outlined during his speech. It is necessary that after inflicting such grievous hurt to the economy that he apply not just a palliative balm but effective medicine. But he must ask himself if all this pain was needed at all. All that the government had to do to get money back into banks was to organise a simple and unobtrusive currency exchange. However, I hope the makeover is real and he is more open to consultation and will tell less lies.
 

A matter of trust

Most of us accept that politicians are often required to tell us half-truths and outright lies. But it is important that the cup does not run over and the trust is not spilled. I hope Modi is not so consumed by hubris to mistake the faith of blind followers for trust of the people? With the Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections around the corner, 2017 will be the year of reckoning for him. The Bharatiya Janata Party has 72 seats in the Lok Sabha from this state now, and if they lose badly here in the state elections, it can say goodbye to 2019.

India has lost about Rs 3 lakh crores of its Gross Domestic Product due to an act of incredible stupidity – demonetisation. The nation has to recover from this self-inflicted injury and make up for lost time and the gigantic financial loss. Millions of lives were disrupted by the loss of jobs and business. It will take some doing to restore the normal flow of everyday life.

The ruling party must start looking anew at the Indians largely ignored so far, particularly the Dalits and Muslims who occupy the bottom rungs of economic classification. The distribution of Automated Teller Machines and Point of Sale machines between regions and within towns and cities tells its own tale of exclusion in this digital age when financial inclusion is a key goal. For instance, only 19% of India’s 215,000 Automated Teller Machines are in rural areas. There are huge inter-regional disparities also. Bihar just has one for every 13,500 persons, while Tamil Nadu has one for every 3,000 persons.
 

The poor hurt the most

The last two months have showed who actually gets hurt when the government indulges in stupid policy making. The poor and silent majority stood in lines while the wealthy and vocal went about life as usual. The majority just either went hungry or got deeper into debt. To deal with our real problems we require the government to face facts and realities as they are, and not be obsessed with the facts it manufactures. The real challenge for the Modi government is to recover the pre-demonetisation Gross Domestic Product growth trajectory by getting into a faster near-term growth trend.

The essential truth is that what drives our growth is a passing favourable demographic phase. But our rulers since 2000, like the legendary King Canute, think they are ordering the waves. The facts remain as before. Savings and investment are still dipping. The flight of capital abroad continues unabated. More than half of all Indians admit to paying bribes to get even the smallest entitled services and promised benefits. Tax evasion at points of sale and unrecorded transactions are as before.

But the lies have begun again. Finance Minister Arun Jaitely, who can never keep away from the rolling cameras, has proclaimed his version of Mission Accomplished and has announced the beginning of a new age. According to him here is no black money anymore as everything is now locked tight in bank vaults.

Jaitely said that the flow of new cash has largely replaced what was extinguished by the demonetisation exercise. The truth is that the Reserve Bank of India has just about replaced half of the currency taken out in terms of value. The problem is that the vast majority of these new notes are of Rs 2,000 denomination, which only partially mitigates the cashlessness in the economy for the last two months.

This new high-value note is of little use in the market where the quantity of the smaller notes has remained just about as before. The small notes have now acquired a value higher than what is stated on them and the Rs 2,000 note has a much lower preference. What we need is many more Rs 500, Rs 100, Rs 50 and Rs 10 notes.

Jaitley probably doesn’t know that 98% of transactions representing about 68% of value transacted are in cash. If there isn’t enough cash there are other improvised IOUs or more informal credit now filling the gaps.
 

An enforced cashlessness

People who know better state that it will be many months before the cash gap is bridged. Cashless transactions can reach meaningful levels only when the network grows exponentially and not by forced cashlessness. Change cannot happen without change. It seems like small minds cannot contemplate the centrality of chillar (small change).

After the great cash grab, the government indicates that next on its agenda are benami properties. The fact is that there are relatively few benami properties. Individuals own most properties, buying them with their hard-earned money. But in the frenzied search for true ownership real owners will suffer.

Except for politicians like those who invested in Mumbai’s scam-tainted Adarsh building, wise people with money to hide are loath to invest in properties in the names of others. Such properties seldom go back to the people who paid for them. Owning assets abroad also involves trust. Politicians usually lose much of their untaxed incomes to people entrusted with managing their money. Who is flying with the late Bharatiya Janata Party leader Pramod Mahajan’s money now?

According to the non-profit Global Financial Integrity, India has exported an average of $46 billion each year for the past decade. The important takeaway here is that money gone abroad is money gone away and the only way you get it to return is by investment. This can be best done by speedily improving the ease of doing business in India. But this week’s news is that the government is contemplating shutting down the Mauritius and Singapore routes. In this case the money will just go elsewhere.

Like the concept behind weight-loss inducing bariatric surgery, Jaitely probably believes the national economy can also be forcibly habituated to less cash by stitching up its gut. It does not work that way. There is more to governance than just cash, lies and sound bytes.

Courtesy: Scroll.in
 

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नोटबदली – जनता को परेशान कर सत्ता पर दीर्घकालिक कब्जे की तैयारी https://sabrangindia.in/naotabadalai-janataa-kao-paraesaana-kara-satataa-para-dairaghakaalaika-kabajae-kai/ Sat, 31 Dec 2016 07:45:46 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2016/12/31/naotabadalai-janataa-kao-paraesaana-kara-satataa-para-dairaghakaalaika-kabajae-kai/ नरेन्द्र मोदी ने विदेशी बैंकों में जमा काले धन को वापस भारत लाने की बात की थी। वह तो हुआ नहीं उल्टे उन्होंने भारत से बाहर धन ले जाने की सीमा 75,000 डॉलर से बढ़ा कर ढाई लाख डॉलर कर दी। एक बार देश का पैसा बाहर चला गया फिर उसका हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था में योगदाम […]

The post नोटबदली – जनता को परेशान कर सत्ता पर दीर्घकालिक कब्जे की तैयारी appeared first on SabrangIndia.

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नरेन्द्र मोदी ने विदेशी बैंकों में जमा काले धन को वापस भारत लाने की बात की थी। वह तो हुआ नहीं उल्टे उन्होंने भारत से बाहर धन ले जाने की सीमा 75,000 डॉलर से बढ़ा कर ढाई लाख डॉलर कर दी। एक बार देश का पैसा बाहर चला गया फिर उसका हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था में योगदाम खत्म हो गया।

हलांकि कई लोग, जिनमें से इस लेख का एक लेखक भी शामिल था, काफी दिनों से यह सुझाव दे रहे थे कि भ्रष्टाचार कम करने के लिए बड़े नोटों, खासकर रु. 500 व रु. 1000 के नोट बंद किए जाएं लेकिन जो नरेन्द्र मोदी सरकार कर रही है वैसा नहीं सोचा गया था। यह माना गया था कि, भले ही काला धन नकद में सिर्फ 6 प्रतिशत ही है, बड़े नोटों का प्रचलन बंद हो जाने से बड़ा काला धन छुपाना व बड़ी घूस देना असुविधाजनक हो जाएगा। यह कभी नहीं सोचा गया था कि नए बड़े नोट पुनः अर्थव्यवस्था में ले आए जाएंगे। इन पर स्थाई प्रतिबंध की मांग की गई थी। नए बड़े नोटों को लाकर तो नए भ्रष्टाचार और काले धन को उत्पन्न करने की संभावनाएं खोल दी गई हैं। यहां यह भी स्पष्ट कर देना जरूरी है कि जिसे नोटबंदी कहा जा रहा है वह असल में तो नोटबदली ही है।

जिस तरह से आप अपना ही कितना पैसा निकाल सकते हैं और कितना जमा करा सकते हैं इसके नियम रोज-रोज बदले जाते रहे उसने पूरी वित्तीय व्यवस्था का मजाक बना कर रख दिया। पुराने नोटों को जमा करने की अंतिम तिथि से एक हफ्ते से भी पहले भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक ने घोषणा कर दी कि एक बार में सिर्फ रु. 5000 ही जमा कर सकते हैं। वित मंत्री ने कहा कोई सीमा नहीं होगी लेकिन जितना जमा करना है एक बार में ही जमा करें। दो दिनों तक स्थिति अस्पष्ट बनी रही और फिर दोनों ही निर्णय वापस ले लिए गए। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि कोई बहुत सोच-समझ कर निर्णय नहीं लिए जा रहे थे और प्रधान मंत्री समेत मंत्रियों व भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक समेत बैंकों में तालमेल का अभाव दिखा। भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक ने बड़ी मेहनत से अपनी जो एक स्वायत्त छवि बनाई थी, वह सारी घूल में मिल गई। अब वह प्रधान मंत्री व वित मंत्री के इशारे पर नाच रहा है।

एक तरफ कहा गया कि आप 49.5 प्रतिशत कर देकर काला धन जमा करा सकते हैं लेकिन जब कोई काला धन जमा कराने की कोशिश करता तो आयकर विभाग उसके पीछे पड़ जाता। लोग कतारों में खड़े होकर जब अपना पैसा निकालने जाते तो सरकार द्वारा घोषित सीमा तक भी नकद नहीं मिल पा रहा था। कुछ लोग शुरू की भीड़ से बचने के लिए थोड़ा बाद में लेकिन घोषित अंतिम तारीख 30 दिसंबर से एक हफ्ते पहले भी पहुंचे तो उनसे पूछा जाने लगा कि इतनी देर से क्यों आए? आपातकाल लागू होने को छोड़कर कभी भी स्वतंत्र भारत में सरकार ने खुद ही व्यवस्था को इस तरह बंधक नहीं बनाया है। अपनी घोषणाओं पर खुद ही नहीं टिकी रही और वादा कर पीछे जाती रही। बैंक व्यवस्था की विश्वसनीयता को दीर्घकालिक नुकसान पहुंचा है। अब लोग बैंकों व उनके निर्णयों को संदेह से देखेंगे।

नए नोटों के बाजार में आने के कुछ ही दिनों के अंदर ही बड़ी-बड़ी रकमें पकड़ी जाने लगीं जिसमें पूरे या आंशिक रूप से नए नोट शामिल थे। सवाल यह है कि जब बैंक व ए.टी.एम. से पैसा निकालने की सीमा क्रमशः रु. 24,000 व रु. 2,000 तय थी तो इतनी बड़ी रकमें आईं कहां से? क्या यह बैंक अधिकारियों की मिली भगत के बिना संभव है? लेकिन नोटबदली लागू होने के बाद लाखों-करोड़ों के साथ कुछ व्यापारियों या दलालों के पकड़े जाने की तो खबरें आईं किंतु उन अधिकारियों के खिलाफ कोई कार्यवाही की खबर सुनने को नहीं मिली जिनकी वजह से लाखों-करोड़ों मूल्य के नए नोट बैंकों से बाहर आ गए। किसी जाने-माने पूंजीपति या व्यापारिक घराने, खासकर जो काला धन का कारोबार करने के लिए जाने जाते हैं के यहां छापा पड़ने की कोई खबर सुनने को नहीं मिली।

तो विचित्र स्थिति यह हो गई कि सामान्य नागरिक को तो बैकों को अपनी जायज आय के बारे में जवाब देना पड़ रहा था और नाजायज धन रखने वालों को छुआ तक नहीं गया। चूंकि ज्यादातर पुराने रु. 500 व रु. 1000 के नोट बैंकों में वापस आ चुके हैं अतः जिनके पास था भी उन्होंने काले धन को सफेद कर लिया है।

न ही किसी बड़े नेता या राजनीतिक दल के कार्यालय में छापा पड़ा जबकि इस देश में काले धन के संस्थागत अस्तित्व की मूल वजह उसका चुनाव में इस्तेमाल होना है। यह सार्वजनिक जानकारी है कि देश में सबसे ज्यादा अज्ञात स्रोत से धन दो राजनीतिक दलों, कांग्रेस व भाजपा को मिलता है। पिछले दस वर्षों में क्रांग्रेस व भाजपा को कुल मिलकर रु. 5,450 धन ऐसा मिला, जो अधिकांश शायद काला होगा, यानी उसपर कर नहीं दिया गया होगा। यह धन या तो बड़े व्यापारिक घरानों का होगा अथवा सरकारी योजनाओं या परियोजनाओं में हुए भ्रष्टाचार की देन होगा। लेकिन उन अधिकारियों के खिलाफ भी कोई कार्यवाही नहीं हुई जो राजनीतिक दलों के एजेंट के रूप में काम करते हैं और जिनकी सम्पत्ति उनके आय के ज्ञात स्रोतों से निश्चित रूप से ज्यादा है।

इसके गम्भीर मायने हैं। चूंकि उन लोगों को छुआ तक नहीं गया जो चुनावों में लगने वाले काले धन का कारोबार करते हैं, तो चुनाव अभी भी भ्रष्टाचार से ही पोषित होते रहेंगे। फिर इस तमाशे की क्या जरूरत थी?
      
2015-16 में राजनीति दलों को जो रु. 20,000 से ऊपर का चंदा मिला उसमें भाजपा को 613 दानदाताओं ने रु. 76.85 करोड़ दिया जबकि कांग्रेस को 918 दानदाताओं ने रु. 20.42 करोड़ दिया। भाजपा को जो धन मिला वह अन्य छह राष्ट्रीय दलों, जिसमें माकपा, भाकपा, राष्ट्रवादी कांग्रेस पार्टी व तृणमूल कांग्रेस भी शामिल हैं के कुल चंदे से तीन गुना अधिक था। गौर करने योग्य बात यह है कि भाजपा को रु. 67.99 करोड़ 283 निजी कम्पनियों से मिला और कांग्रेस को रु. 8.83 करोड़ 57 कम्पनियों से। भाजपा को शेष रु. 8.86 करोड़ 330 व्यक्तियों ने दिया और कांग्रेस का शेष रु. 11.24 करोड़ 859 व्यक्तियों से आया। कांग्रेस को रु. 8.11 करोड़ देने वाले 318 लोगों के व भाजपा को रु. 2.19 देने वाले 71 लोगों के पैन कार्ड विवरण अनउपलब्ध थे। उपर्युक्त से पता चलता है कि भाजपा जिसको पिछले तीन वित्तीय वर्षों से ही कांग्रेस से ज्यादा चंदा मिलना शुरू हुआ है को पांच गुना ज्यादा निजी कम्पनियां सात गुना ज्यादा चंदा दे रही हैं। इसी तरह भाजपा को चंदा देने वाले व्यक्तियों की संख्या भले ही कम हो लेकिन वे ज्यादा बड़ी रकमें दे रहे हैं। भाजपा को चंदा देने वाला व्यक्ति व्यवस्था के नियम ज्यादा अच्छी तरह समझता है इसलिए नकद रहित व्यवस्था उसके ज्यादा अनुकूल है बनिस्पत बहुजन समाज पार्टी जैसी पार्टियों के पारम्परिक दानदाताओं के। कांग्रेस को रु. 20,000 के ऊपर धनराशि में कुल रु. 1.17 करोड़ नकद मिले जबकि भाजपा को सिर्फ रु. 51,000।
      
लेकिन बड़ा पैसा तो रु. 20,000 से कम वाले चंदों से आता हैे जिनके स्रोत अज्ञात होते हैं। यह धन पार्टी के कुल चंदे का आधे से ज्यादा से लेकर 80 प्रतिशत तक होता है। 2014-15 में भाजपा के रु. 970 करोड़ में से रु. 505 करोड़ अज्ञात स्रोत से था। क्रांगेस के रु. 593 करोड़ में रु. 445 करोड़ इस तरह की राशि थी। चुनाव आयोग के नियमों के अनुसार रु. 20,000 से कम के चंदे का स्रोत बताना जरूरी नहीं है।
      
असल में तो राजनीतिक दल जो काले धन का इस्तेमाल करते हैं वह घोषित अज्ञात स्रोतों से कहीं ज्यादा होता होगा।
      
सच तो यह है कि सभी दल काले धन का इस्तेमाल चुनावों में करते हैं। इसलिए सबने मिलकर अन्ना हजारे के जन लोकपाल बिल को अवरुद्ध किया। साफ है कि अन्य दलों की तुलना में भाजपा को ज्यादा अमीर लोगों व बड़ी कम्पनियों से धन मिल रहा है। वह उन्हीं के मुताबिक नीतियां बनाएगी। इसमें कोई आश्चर्य नहीं होना चाहिए कि नरेन्द्र मोदी ने भू-अधिग्रहण कानून में तीन बार संशोधन का प्रयास किया ताकि किसान की भूमि अधिग्रहित करना आसान हो जाए। मायावती ने उ.प.्र में रिलायंस फ्रेश के स्टोर नहीं लगने दिए और नीतीश कुमार ने बिहार में विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र नहीं बनने दिए। उनकी सोच कम्पनियों के दबाव से अपने को मुक्त रखना है। जबकि नरेन्द्र मोदी निजी कम्पनियों और अमीरों के लिए ही काम कर रहे हैं।

नरेन्द्र मोदी ने विदेशी बैंकों में जमा काले धन को वापस भारत लाने की बात की थी। वह तो हुआ नहीं उल्टे उन्होंने भारत से बाहर धन ले जाने की सीमा 75,000 डॉलर से बढ़ा कर ढाई लाख डॉलर कर दी। एक बार देश का पैसा बाहर चला गया फिर उसका हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था में योगदाम खत्म हो गया।

क्या काला धन ही हिन्दुस्तान की सबसे बड़ी समस्या थी?
      
जिसे देश में अभी लोग पूरी तरह से साक्षर भी नहीं हैं और जो हैं भी उनकी काबिलियत संदिग्ध है, जहां बहुसंख्यक आबादी किसान, मजदूर, छोटा व्यापारी, दुकानदार, थोक विक्रेता व अनौपचारिक क्षेत्र में लगे उद्यमी नकद का इस्तेमाल करते हैं वहां हमारी अपेक्षा है कि लोग मोबाइल फोन और कार्ड के सहारे पैसों का लेन-देन करें? इसमें लोगों के लिए क्या सुविधा होगी? हां, मोबाइल कम्पनियों और किस्म-किस्म की कम्पयूटर कम्पनियों जो मोबाइल या कार्ड से भुगतान करने की व्यवस्थाएं बना रहीे हैं उनका फायदा जरूर है। अब उन्हें अपना प्रचार करने की भी जरूरत नहीं क्योंकि सरकार ही उनका प्रचार कर रही है। लेकिन भारत का ग्रामीण और शहरी गरीब खासकर महिलाएं, आदिवासी, दलित इस व्यवस्था का हिस्सा बन जाएंगे यह कैसे सम्भव होगा? निरक्षर और गरीब लोगों के ऊपर इस तरह की व्यवस्था थोपना भी उनके साथ अन्याय है।
      
विश्व प्रसिद्ध अर्थशास्त्री ज्यां डेªज ने रांची में 85 दुकानकारों, ठेले वालों व व्यापारियों के एक सर्वेक्षण में पाया कि इस वर्ग की औसत आय जब से नोटबदली लागू हुई एक माह की अवधि में 46 प्रतिशत गिर गई, यानी आधी हो गई है। औसत लोगों को एक माह में 13 घंटे बैंकों व ए.टी.एम. के सामने खड़ा रहना पड़ा। कुछ लोग 30-40 घंटे भी बैंकों में खड़े रहे। रांची की अनौपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था नकद पर चलती है और वह बुरी तरह प्रभावित हुई। किसान को दाम न मिलने के अभाव में अपनी उपज ऐसे ही बाजार में छोड़ देनी पड़ी, लोग जरूरी चीजें नहीं खरीद पाए, कुछ लोगों ने अपने यहां काम करने वालों को तनख्वाह न दे पाने की स्थिति में निकाल दिया और मजदूर को भी काम मिलने में दिक्कत आई। कुछ लोगों को तो खाने के भी लाले पड़ गए। कम बिक्री, कम आय, कम खर्च, कम रोजगार के दुष्चक्र से बाहर आने में समय लगेगा। रांची जैसी ही स्थिति देश के शेष शहरों और गांवों की है। नकदविहीन व्यवस्था लागू करने के चक्कर में सरकार ने लोगों के पास पैसा होते हुए भी उन्हें धनविहीन बना दिया है।
      
बैकों और ए.टी.एम. की कतार में खड़े पूरे देश में करीब सौ लोग अपनी जान से हाथ धो चुके हैं। सरकार कहती है कि जनता को काले धन के खिलाफ लड़ाई में थोड़ा कष्ट झेलना पड़ेगा। यदि जनता से यह अपेक्षा की जा रही है कि वह अपना कर्त्वय निभाए तो कतारों में खड़े लोगों की मृत्यु की जिम्मेदारी भी सरकार को लेनी चाहिए और सीमा पर शहीद हुए सैनिक या किसी दुर्घटना या प्राकृतिक आपदा में मरे लोगों के परिवारों की तरह इन लोगों के परिवारों को भी मुआवजा मिलना चाहिए। अखिलेश यादव ने तो उत्तर प्रदेश में मरे 14 लोगों के परिवारों को दो-दो लाख रुपए का मुआवजा देकर पहल की है लेकिन यह जिम्मेदारी तो मुख्यतः केन्द्र सरकार की है।
      
2013-14 से 2015-16 तक 29 सरकारी बैंकों ने निजी कम्पनियों का रु. 1.14 लाख करोड़ रुपए कर्ज माफ कर दिया। यह पिछले 9 सालों में माफ किए गए कुल कर्ज से ज्यादा है। दस बड़ी कम्पनियों ने सरकारी बैंकों व वित्तीय संस्थानों से कुल 6 करोड़ रुपए कर्ज लिए हुए हैं। सरकार के मुताबिक सरकारी बैंकों के 2,071 खातों में रु. 3.38 लाख करोड़ कर्ज दिया गया जिसकी वापसी की सम्भावना कम है। देश के सबसे अमीर लोगों के कर्ज सरकार माफ करती है और आम इंसान को दोषी बना कर कतारों में खड़ा कर, उसके लिए नकद की कृत्रिम कमी पैदा कर, उसके रोजगार पर संकट खड़ा कर परेशान करती है अथवा कुछ छोटे व्यापारियों या दलालों के यहां छापे डाल जनता की आंखों में धूल झोंकने का काम करती है।
      
जनता का छोटा-छोटा धन जबरन बैंकों में जमा करा सरकार निजी कम्पनियों और अमीर लोगों द्वारा बैंकों का पैसा हड़प जाने से पैसों की कमी को पूरी कर रही है और शायद पुनः वैसे ही लोगों को बड़े कर्ज में दे दिया जाए। वाह रे बैंकिग व्यवस्था। सरकार को बड़े कर्ज लिए हुए लोगों से वसूली करने के लिए जो उन्हें जवाबदेह बनाने का काम करना चाहिए वह करती हुई वह नहीं दिख रही। विजय मल्लया, ललित मोदी, सुब्रत राय या बाबा रामदेव के प्रति वह नर्म दिखाई पड़ती है। मजे की बात यह है कि ये सभी महानुभाव एक से बढ़ कर एक राष्ट्रवादी हैं। विजय मल्लया इंग्लैण्ड में निलामी में टीपू सुल्तान की तलवार रु. एक करोड़ देकर वापस लाए थे, ललित मोदी ने भारत में फटाफट क्रिकेट की प्रतियोगिता शुरू की जिसमें दुनिया भर के खिलाड़ी खेलने आते हैं, सुब्रत राय के मुख्यालय के सामने भारतमाता की बड़ी तस्वीर है और उनकी कम्पनी सहारा के एक साथ एक लाख से ऊपर कर्मचारियों का राष्ट्रगान गाने का विश्व रिकार्ड कायम किया गया है और बाबा रामदेव तो योग और आयुर्वेद की धाक पूरी दुनिया में जमा रहे हैं। शायद राष्ट्रवाद और बड़े पैसे खासकर कालेधन का आपस में कोई सम्बंध है?
      
कुल मिलाकर नोटबदली को लागू करने में सरकार के कुप्रबंधन का खामियाजा जनता को भोगना पड़ रहा है। जनता के गुस्से को सुनहरे सपने दिखाकर या राष्ट्रवाद का घूंट पिला कर नियंत्रित किया गया है लेकिन भविष्य कोई बेहतर होने वाला है इसके कोई आसार तो दिखाई नहीं पड़ते।
 

 

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