Nagpur is a habitus where Dr B. R. Ambedkar launched his meditative anti-thesis of Navayana Buddhism, a counter-revolution against the Brahmanical forces. Using his Rhetorical technique, he chose Nagpur, having a rich history, legacy of Naga tribes, the original inhabitants of this country, who adopted, enacted and spread Buddha’s Dhamma based on liberty, equality, and fraternity. This principled Dhamma, he hoped, would be socialised and gradually absorbed by the state apparatus. My answer to Nagpur’s performative violence will be answered using the Vitanda of Nyaya Philosophy. The anatomy of these riots using this framework shall be analysed in three paradigms: textual habitus, power and its manifestations, and Sarvajanik Enlightenment.

Textual Habitus.

Brian Stock has formulated a concept of textual community. Here, textual communities are a part of the textual habitus governed by the centripetal force of Brahmanical texts. These texts are normalised using the ideological and government-state apparatus. Using this force, the ideological apparatus of RSS in Nagpur and its mimesis in the form of State apparatus are trying to revive the spirit of Brahmanical rule, engendering gender and caste-graded inequalities masked in divinity. The empirical framework shows the commercialisation of religion, the creation of spectacle in the form of the Kumbh Mela, the Machiavellian use of Religion as a performance, its feeding as opium by Hon. Prime Minister and his coterie, the suppression of the democratic spaces for dissent of an individual, snatching her freedom and rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India, is being manufactured-normalised. This textual habitus socialises the youth in its orthodox Brahmanical discourse, whose chief purpose is resurrection, reinstituting Brahmanical hegemony. Rather than addressing the existential crisis engulfing the youth and economy, their energies are being diverted to instituting Brahamanical Hindutva, which later, as per Matsya Nyaya, shall swallow them also. To sum up, this textual habitus is a counter-revolution against the civility of the Constitution of India, taking it towards catastrophic homogeneity.

Power, its manifestations.

Steven Lukes describes power as an ideology manifesting in decision and non-decision-making. This raises a powerful question regarding power- who sets the discourse? The natural answer to these riots is the Brahmanical institution of RSS in Nagpur. Dr Ambedkar pointed out these phallocentric tactics of violence using these dogmatic texts. In the name of philosophy, he says these holy texts perpetuate and propagate war. The ideological power instituted in Nagpur sets these parochial dogmatic discourses of- othering the Muslims, segregating them as good and evil, forcing them to accept secondary citizenship, the lynching of Dalits, etc. in the name of religion. The Satyashodhak Movement and writings by Mahatma Jotirao Phule countered this power of Brahmanical textuality, which Dr. Ambedkar carried to its zenith. To cite a few instances, one can examine how these Brahmanical texts portray Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The attempts to rescue this Janata Raja were made by Mahatma Phule, Dr Ambedkar, and Comrade Govind Pansare. Their texts help to question this hegemonic power, exposing this Brahmanical project. They question the authority and legitimacy of these texts, thus devoiding them of their sanctity and attacking their infallibility. So, the Shudras-Atishudras and Economically marginalised people need to understand the cunningness of this Brahmanical strategy, promising them moksha, satiating their masculine dignity by bestowing them the titles of defenders of Hindutva. It is a typical psychological modus-vivendi of the Manuvadi ideological hegemons of Nagpur.

Sarvajanik Enlightenment

To understand the hermeneutics of these riots, I use the principles of the Sarvajanik Enlightenment. I derive this framework from two masters- Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Bertolt Brecht. Using the Brechtian concept of Verfremdungseffekt- distancing myself emotionally and understanding the factors of production of these riots. I foreground my Brechtian epic theatre of the Sarvajan public sphere. Creating this public sphere must be a protracted effort by the intellectual class. This intellectual class, organic intellectuals, must emerge from their ivory towers and democratise intellectualism in the spirit of Satyashodhak modernity. As popularly portrayed, Enlightenment is not just empiricism or rationality, but as per Blaise Pascal, it consists of two core factors, i.e. Customs and Inspiration. Thinking on these two paradigms and their dialectics, the Shudra-Atishudra-Economically marginalised need to educate themselves, and the task falls on the shoulders of organic intellectuals. These Brahmanical hegemons initiated riots, but their children were/are never a part of these staged events. They focus on foreign education; they are dipped in luxury and head the powerful institutions of the state and non-state using their social-cultural-economic and political capital.

Whereas the Shudras-Atishudras, economically marginalised, face the backlash of the State, get entangled in court cases, face poverty, stigmatisation, and moral-psychological guilt for their entire lifetimes. The classic example of handling such an event in this Sarvajanik Enlightened paradigm was practised by Dr B. R. Ambedkar during Mahad Satyagraha in 1927. The upper caste(s) of Mahad brutally attacked the Dalits on the orders of Brahmanical hegemons. Dr Ambedkar advised the Dalits not to respond violently. He was enlightened to understand that if Dalits attacked, they would play into the trap set by the Brahmanical hegemons. The Dalits had physical strength, but the repercussions later would be catastrophic as they lacked economic-political and social capital to tackle the Brahmanical judicial system. Later, Dr Ambedkar won the court case using his intellectual might not via violent fights.

Thus, the anatomy of the riots is what I had tried to understand by its hermeneutical reading of the event of Nagpur, understanding the communal bio politics that thrives on the graded inequalities of religion, gender and caste(s). In contrast, the Shudras-Atishudras-Economically marginalised are the resources used for their discourse; when their utility is over, they too shall be disposed of. Beware!

The author is a senior research scholar, IIT-Delhi

The post Anatomy of Nagpur Riots: A communal bio politics that thrives on the graded inequalities of religion, gender and caste(s) appeared first on SabrangIndia.

#WATCH | Maharashtra: Explosions heard on vehicles that have been torched in Mahal area of ​​Nagpur; tensions have broken out here following a dispute between two groups. pic.twitter.com/rssI72v8od

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

#WATCH | Maharashtra: Tension breaks out in Mahal area of ​​Nagpur after a dispute between two groups. Vehicles vandalised and torched, stone pelting reported. Police personnel present in the area. Details awaited. pic.twitter.com/PPufCmM55N

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

According to multiple media reports, the violence stemmed from a demonstration organised by members of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and Bajrang Dal near the statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Nagpur’s Mahal area. The protesters gathered to demand the relocation of Aurangzeb’s tomb, which is situated in Khultabad, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district (formerly Aurangabad). During the protest, slogans were raised, and demonstrators allegedly burned a photograph of Aurangzeb along with a “symbolic grave wrapped in a green cloth filled with grass.” Police sources indicate that the act of burning the green cloth reportedly sparked rumours, as many believed it contained sacred verses, leading to heightened tensions.

Following this, a group of around 80 to 100 people, allegedly from the religious minority community, reacted violently, pelting stones at the police and setting multiple vehicles ablaze. An alleged clash then took place between the Muslims and the protesting Hindus. The unrest led to serious injuries, including those sustained by security personnel attempting to control the mob. Among the injured are 10 anti-riot commandos, two senior police officers, and two fire department personnel. A constable remains in critical condition. The violence also resulted in large-scale destruction, with rioters torching two bulldozers and approximately 40 vehicles, including police vans.

To restore order, law enforcement resorted to using force, employing lathi-charge and tear gas to disperse the mob. In response to the deteriorating situation, Nagpur Police Commissioner Ravinder Kumar Singal imposed a curfew in several areas of the city under Section 163 of the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The curfew applies to the jurisdictions of Kotwali, Ganeshpeth, Tehsil, Lakadganj, Pachpaoli, Shantinagar, Sakkardara, Nandanvan, Imamwada, Yashodharanagar, and Kapilnagar police stations. The restrictions will remain in effect until further notice.

Authorities have confirmed that the situation is now under control. However, the scale of the violence, the number of injured, and the damage caused highlight the deep-seated tensions surrounding the issue. A PTI report states that at least four civilians have been injured, while more than a dozen police personnel sustained injuries during the clashes. Security forces remain deployed in the affected areas to prevent further escalation.

Nagpur (Maharashtra) violence | Curfew has been imposed in the Police station limits of Kotwali, Ganeshpeth, Lakadganj, Pachpaoali, Shantinagar, Sakkardara, Nandanvan, Imamwada, Yashodhara Nagar and Kapil Nagar in Nagpur city. This curfew will remain in force until further… pic.twitter.com/N3CqzKcMv1

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

Misinformation and rumours ignite unrest in Nagpur

The violence in Nagpur on the night of March 17 was largely fuelled by misinformation and rumours that spread rapidly on social media. The unrest followed a demonstration organised by members of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) near the statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Mahal at around 8:30 pm. Protesters had gathered to demand the removal of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s tomb from Maharashtra and burned his effigy as part of their demonstration.

Hours later, tensions flared when rumours began circulating that activists from Hindu groups, including VHP and Bajrang Dal, had burned a piece of cloth inscribed with the holy kalma (Islamic prayer) and had also set fire to a copy of the Quran. According to police reports, videos of the Bajrang Dal demonstration quickly spread across social media, leading to outrage within the Muslim community. What police authorities did when and while such rumours flew fast is however, unclear. A formal complaint was subsequently lodged at the Ganeshpeth police station, alleging that a holy book had been desecrated. However, Bajrang Dal office-bearers refuted these claims, stating that they had only burned an effigy of Aurangzeb and had not targeted any religious text.

As news of the alleged Quran burning spread, anger intensified. The situation escalated when reports surfaced that VHP-Bajrang Dal protesters had also burned a religious chadar near Shivaji Putla Square at Mahal Gate, a location just 2 km from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) headquarters. Clearly this was an act meant to provoke and it is not at all evident that action was initiated by the police against these miscreants. In response, a large group gathered in protest, demanding immediate action against those responsible. The protest soon turned violent, resulting in stone-pelting, arson, and violent clashes with the police.

Officials confirmed that social media played a significant role in spreading misinformation, fuelling tensions between communities. As the unrest escalated, security forces deployed riot-control measures, including water cannons and tear gas, in an attempt to disperse the crowd. Several officers were injured in the process, including Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCPs) Archit Chandak and Niketan Kadam. Firefighters attempting to douse burning vehicles were also caught in the violence.

Eyewitnesses reported that the clashes started around 7:30 pm in the Chitnis Park area of Mahal, where groups hurled stones at the police, leaving six civilians and three officers injured. The violence then spread to other parts of the city, including Kotwali and Ganeshpeth, intensifying as the evening progressed. A resident, Sunil Peshne, told ANI that a mob of 500 to 1,000 people engaged in stone-pelting and torched multiple vehicles. He claimed that around 25-30 vehicles were damaged or destroyed during the chaos.

The timing of the unrest was particularly sensitive, as Monday marked the birth anniversary of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the Maratha warrior-king. It also coincided with the holy month of Ramzan, further heightening religious sensitivities. The call for the demolition of Aurangzeb’s tomb at Khuldabad in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar had gained traction on this day, adding to the charged atmosphere.

Authorities are currently reviewing CCTV footage and video clips to identify those involved in the violence. An FIR has been registered, and police teams are actively working to track down the culprits. Officials reported that the Chitnis Park to Shukrawari Talao road belt was among the worst-affected areas, where multiple four-wheelers were torched by rioters.

Residents of the Old Hislop College area near Chitnis Park spoke to PTI and claimed that a mob entered their locality around 7:30 pm, hurling stones at homes and vandalising parked cars. At least four cars were damaged, with one vehicle completely burnt. The rioters also destroyed water coolers and shattered windows before fleeing. Some residents attempted to control the fires themselves by arranging water to douse the burning vehicles.

A resident of the Hansapuri area, Sharad Gupta, recounted how his four two-wheelers, which were parked outside his home, were set ablaze by the mob between 10:30 pm and 11:30 pm. He suffered injuries in the attack and said the rioters also vandalised a neighbouring shop. He further alleged that the police arrived only an hour after the incident, by which time significant damage had already been done.

Fearing for their safety, some residents locked their homes and fled to safer locations in the middle of the night. A PTI correspondent witnessed a couple leaving their house at 1:20 am, seeking refuge elsewhere. Meanwhile, Chandrakant Kawde, a local resident involved in preparations for the Ram Navami Shobha Yatra, reported that the mob burned all his decoration materials and pelted stones at homes in the vicinity.

Angry residents have called for immediate police action against those responsible for the violence. While the situation is currently under control, tensions remain high as authorities continue their investigation.

#WATCH | Maharashtra | A local shopkeeper from Nagpur’s violence-hit Hansapuri area says, “At 10.30 pm, I closed my shop. Suddenly, I saw people torching vehicles. When I tried to douse the fire, I was hit with a stone. My two vehicles and a few other vehicles parked nearby were… pic.twitter.com/tisqTd87d2

— ANI (@ANI) March 18, 2025

Nagpur (Maharashtra) violence | Nagpur Police say – Nagpur Police has issued prohibitory orders in the city after the stone pelting and arson incident in Mahal area. More than 20 have been detained till now. Police are looking into the CCTV footage and other video clips available…

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

Police crackdown and heightened security measures

In response to the escalating violence in Nagpur, Police Commissioner Ravinder Singal deployed over 1,000 officers and imposed prohibitory orders in key areas, including Mahal, Chitnis Park Chowk, and Bhaldarpura, to restrict movement in high-risk zones. According to a Times of India report, key roads were sealed, while additional reinforcements and intelligence teams were brought in to prevent further clashes. Despite the heavy police presence, sporadic incidents of stone-throwing continued late into the night, keeping security forces on high alert.

To maintain order, authorities utilised surveillance vehicles equipped with CCTV cameras to monitor the situation in real time. Public address systems were also used to issue warnings and instruct citizens to remain indoors. Local peace committees were activated, with law enforcement urging community leaders to play a role in de-escalating tensions and preventing further violence.

Meanwhile, security around Aurangzeb’s tomb in Khuldabad has been significantly tightened following threats against the monument. Visitors are now required to register their details and provide identification before entering the site. Additional forces, including the State Reserve Police Force (SRPF), local police, and Home Guard personnel, have been deployed in the vicinity to prevent any attempts at vandalism or desecration. Authorities remain on high alert as they continue to monitor the situation and work towards restoring normalcy.

Statement by the law enforcement authorities

Amid the volatile situation, Nagpur Police Commissioner Dr Ravinder Singal provided an update, asserting that law enforcement had responded swiftly to restore normalcy. He clarified that tensions escalated following the burning of a photograph, which led to protests and growing unrest.

“A photo was burned, leading to a group gathering and raising concerns. We intervened immediately, and some individuals visited my office to discuss the matter. I assured them that an FIR had already been filed based on the names they provided, and appropriate legal action will follow.”

Dr Singal also provided details regarding the extent of the violence, noting that the incident unfolded between 8:00 and 8:30 pm. While stone pelting and arson took place, he stated that the damage was not as widespread as initially reported.

“The destruction is relatively limited—so far, two vehicles have been set on fire. We are continuing to assess the full extent of the damage. Combing operations are underway to identify and arrest those responsible.”

#WATCH | Nagpur (Maharashtra) violence: Nagpur Police Commissioner Dr Ravinder Singal says, “The situation is peaceful right now. A photo was burned following which people gathered, they made a request and we even took action in this respect. They had even come to my office to… pic.twitter.com/T4CljMg4At

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

To prevent further disturbances, Section 163 of the BNS, which prohibits gatherings of four or more people, has been imposed in the affected area. The Police Commissioner urged people to avoid unnecessary outings and refrain from taking the law into their own hands.

“We strongly advise citizens not to step out unless necessary and to refrain from spreading or acting upon false information. Other parts of Nagpur remain peaceful, with only the affected area under heightened security.”

Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) Archit Chandak attributed the unrest to miscommunication and misinformation, confirming that the situation was now under control. He reassured the public that security measures had been strengthened to prevent any further escalation.

“We have deployed a strong security presence, and the situation is currently under control. I appeal to everyone to avoid engaging in violence, including stone-pelting.”

During the clashes, several police personnel allegedly sustained injuries, including DCP Chandak himself, who was struck in the leg. Despite this, he reaffirmed the commitment of law enforcement to maintaining order.

“The Fire Brigade was immediately called in to extinguish the fires, and prompt action was taken to disperse the crowds.”

A senior Nagpur Fire Brigade official confirmed that multiple vehicles had been torched, particularly in the Mahal area.

“Two JCBs and several other vehicles have been damaged due to arson. Unfortunately, one of our firefighters sustained injuries while trying to control the fire.”

While the immediate violence has been contained, authorities remain on high alert to prevent any recurrence. However, it has been reported that the VHP further signalled that their agitation could intensify and expand beyond Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, potentially spreading across Marathwada and other districts if their demands were not met. Their statements suggest a widening of communal tensions, raising concerns about further unrest and polarisation in the region.

Speeches prior to the clashes

The communal clashes were preceded by escalating demands for the removal of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s tomb, a call that gained momentum among right-wing Hindu nationalist groups, particularly the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP). The organisation submitted a memorandum to Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, asserting that the tomb symbolised oppression and referencing Aurangzeb’s execution of Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj and his destruction of Hindu temples. Protests in support of this demand had already taken place in Nagpur and suburban Mumbai, intensifying communal tensions in the state.

BJP MLA and Cabinet Minister Nitesh Rane’s call for Hindutva action: On the eve of the clashes, Maharashtra Minister Nitesh Rane invoked the demolition of the Babri Masjid, calling upon Hindutva groups to take matters into their own hands while assuring that the government would fulfil its role. Speaking at Shivneri Fort in Pune district on the occasion of Shivaji Maharaj’s birth anniversary, Rane made his position clear:

“The government will do its part while Hindutva outfits must do theirs. When Babri Masjid was being demolished, we did not sit and talk to each other. Our karsevaks did what was appropriate.”

His statements came as the VHP staged protests at government offices across Maharashtra, demanding the removal of Aurangzeb’s tomb and warning that if the government failed to act, they would march to Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district and demolish the grave themselves.

Rane further sought to reshape historical narratives, denouncing any portrayal of Shivaji Maharaj as a secular king.

“We must continuously emphasise that Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of Hindvi Swarajya. This identity must be reiterated repeatedly so that the attempts of certain groups to portray him as a secular king can be thwarted by true devotees of Shivaji Maharaj,” he declared.

He insisted that Shivaji Maharaj’s army never included Muslim soldiers, claiming that the British themselves had recognised him as a “Hindu General.” Rane referred to historical documents that allegedly portrayed the Maratha ruler’s conflict with the Adil Shah dynasty as a religious battle, stating that “the spread of Islam was hindered during Shivaji Maharaj’s reign.”

He also referenced the film Chhaava, which depicts the torture and execution of Sambhaji Maharaj by Aurangzeb, using it to reinforce his narrative that the conflict was driven by religion.

“Aurangzeb demanded that Sambhaji Maharaj convert to Islam. Those who argue that their battle was not against Islam, how do they explain this? If it wasn’t a fight for religion, then what kind of war was it?” he asked.

Rane concluded with a veiled call to action, stating, “This is a significant day. As a minister, I have limitations on how much I can openly say, but you all know my views. Today, I am a minister, tomorrow I may not be, but until my last breath, I will remain a Hindu.”

Statements by CM Devendra Fadnavis and other BJP leaders: Earlier on the day of the clashes, Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, while inaugurating a temple dedicated to Shivaji Maharaj in Bhiwandi, reiterated that the government would protect Aurangzeb’s grave but would not allow its “glorification.”

“It is unfortunate that we have to protect Aurangzeb’s grave since it was declared a protected site by the ASI 50 years ago. Aurangzeb killed thousands of our people, but we have to protect his grave,” he said in response to calls for its removal.

In Pune, right-wing groups gathered outside the district collector’s office, raising slogans and submitting a memorandum addressed to Fadnavis, insisting that the tomb should be removed as it was a “symbol of pain and slavery.”

The issue gained further traction when Fadnavis, on March 15, 2025, explicitly stated that he and his party believed that Aurangzeb’s grave should be removed from Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, formerly Aurangabad. However, he acknowledged that since it was a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), any action must be taken in accordance with the law.

Fadnavis’ remarks were in response to BJP MP Udayanraje Bhosale’s demand to demolish Aurangzeb’s grave in Khuldabad. Bhosale, a descendant of Shivaji Maharaj, had openly called for its destruction. “What is the need for the tomb? Bring in a JCB machine and raze it down. Aurangzeb was a thief and a looter,” he declared. His statement followed a heated debate sparked by Samajwadi Party MLA Abu Asim Azmi, who had earlier defended Aurangzeb as a “good administrator,” dismissing claims that he forcefully converted Hindus. Azmi’s comments led to his suspension from the state assembly for the remainder of the budget session.

BJP MLA T. Raja Singh’s open call to violence: The communal atmosphere further deteriorated when Telangana BJP MLA T. Raja Singh, speaking at an event organised by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal in Pune, tore a picture of Aurangzeb and called for violence against his admirers.

“The way I tore this poster, you should tear up those Aurangzeb lovers. We won’t stop; we will create history,” he declared.

He directly incited violence, stating, “Just like we broke Babri, now we will erase Aurangzeb’s tomb. We are ready to do this; we are ready to get our heads chopped and chop the heads of those terrorists.” He continued, “We are not scared to kill our enemies.”

Singh asserted that all Indians wanted Aurangzeb’s grave demolished and framed his demand within the broader goal of establishing a Hindu Rashtra. Though facing several criminal charges including in Maharashtra, this elected representative has not been once arrested in Maharashtra.

“I want to make India a Hindu Rashtra and fight a war for that. I want to create ‘Hindu Veers’ (militias) and demolish Aurangzeb’s tomb. I don’t care if the BJP expels me for this. A bulldozer needs to be used on that tomb.”

#WATCH | Speaking at an event in Maharashtra’s Pune yesterday, Telangana BJP MLA T Raja Singh said, “…The Hindus in Maharashtra want that Aurangzeb’s grave should be erased from the state…Kab tutegi Aurangzeb ki kabr?..I have only resolve now – to make India a ‘Hindu Rashtra’… pic.twitter.com/hpgUeV65pC

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

Deputy CM Eknath Shinde’s Remarks on ‘Traitors’: Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, speaking at an event commemorating ‘Shiv Jayanti’ in Thane district, described those who continued to praise Aurangzeb as “traitors.”

“Aurangzeb came to seize Maharashtra, but he faced the divine power of Shivaji Maharaj. Those who still sing his praises are nothing but traitors,” he declared.

Shinde contrasted Aurangzeb’s “oppression” with Shivaji Maharaj’s legacy, portraying him as a “divine force” who symbolised bravery, sacrifice, and Hindutva. He stated, “Shiv Chhatrapati is the pride of a united India and the roar of Hindutva. Shivaji Maharaj was a visionary leader, a man of the era, a promoter of justice, and a king of the commoners.”

The climate of hostility and mistrust: These speeches, delivered in the weeks and days leading up to the clashes, fostered an environment of mistrust, communal polarisation, and incitement to violence. By framing the issue of Aurangzeb’s tomb as a direct affront to Hindu pride and linking it to historical grievances, political leaders and right-wing groups stoked tensions, encouraging hostility and, in some cases, explicitly calling for extra-legal action. The convergence of these narratives created a volatile atmosphere where communal violence became not just a possibility but an almost inevitable outcome.

Understanding the Nagpur communal clash through the “Pyramid of Hate”

The communal clash in Nagpur unfolded through a series of events—beginning with a movie distorting history followed by hate speeches promoting the historical distortion and giving it a communal angle, a planned protest, rumour-mongering, and culminating in violent clashes. This progression aligns with the “Pyramid of Hate”, which explains how intolerance grows in society, starting from implicit biases and eventually leading to violent consequences.

The Pyramid of Hate teaches us that violence is never sudden—it is a process often occurring after a systemic build-up. The Nagpur incident demonstrates how communal intolerance spreads step by step, from biased portrayals in media to unchecked hate speech, discriminatory institutional responses, and eventual clashes. To prevent such violence, it is crucial to intervene early in the pyramid—countering hate speech, debunking misinformation, and ensuring impartial law enforcement. Hate must be confronted at its roots—before it manifests in bloodshed.

1. Biased Attitudes: The role of media and stereotyping

At the foundation of the Pyramid of Hate lie biased attitudes, which include stereotyping, micro aggressions, and unchecked prejudices. In this case, the movie “Chhaava” triggered the controversy of the fight between Aurangzeb and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj to be about the fight between two people of different faith, wherein Aurangzeb tortured the Maratha ruler because he refused to convert to Islam, the said movie, with its violent representation, allegedly contained misrepresentations or one-sided portrayals of the Mughal ruler, which was then used to reinforce existing biases against Muslims. Films have historically, and more often recently, played a role in shaping public perception, and when a narrative demonises a group, it provides fertile ground for hateful ideologies to take root. This leads people to see the “other” as inherently different or dangerous, setting the stage for further hostility.

2. Acts of Prejudice: Hate speeches and protest

As biased attitudes become more socially acceptable, they manifest in acts of prejudice, which include hate speech, social exclusion, and dehumanisation. In the Nagpur incident, hate speeches followed the release of the film, with individuals and organisations openly expressing hostility toward Muslims, deeming them to be followers of Aurangzeb and “traitors”. These speeches did not occur in isolation; they were meant to provoke reactions and mobilise groups around a shared sense of grievance.

The subsequent protest further escalated tensions. While protest itself is a legitimate form of expression, it often turns into a platform for inflammatory rhetoric. In this case, the demonstration was not just about dissent; it became a catalyst for heightened communal sentiments, reinforcing the idea that one group was under threat from another.

3. Discrimination: Institutional neglect and selective action

Hate does not spread in a vacuum; it requires institutional tolerance. Discrimination, the third stage of the Pyramid, involves systemic inequities in policies and enforcement. In many instances of communal conflict in India, law enforcement is accused of being slow to act or biased in its response. If authorities fail to curb hate speech, misinformation, or mob violence, it signals tacit approval of discrimination.

In Nagpur, the law enforcement allowed the hate speeches and protests to go unchecked in case of BJP MLA T. Raja Singh, it contributed to the escalation. Additionally, with the State CM and Deputy CM also echoing the same divisive sentiment by indulging in inflammatory diatribe against Aurangzeb and his tome, other influential leaders also got the leeway to make offensive statements. Failure to counter false narratives spread through rumour-mongering further alienated communities and deepened mistrust. This selective action—or inaction—allowed prejudice to turn into active hostility.

4. Bias-Motivated Violence: The clashes

As tensions continued to rise, the situation eventually escalated into violent clashes. This stage of the Pyramid—bias-motivated violence—includes assaults, arson, and attacks on property or individuals based on identity. At this stage, hate is no longer just a belief or rhetoric; it translates into direct harm.

The violence in Nagpur was not spontaneous; it was the culmination of escalating intolerance. The clash was a symptom of the deep-seated communal divisions that had been nurtured through earlier stages. When rumours spread unchecked and violence is justified in the name of retaliation, the possibility of a full-scale riot increases.

5. Genocide: The extreme end of the Pyramid

At the very top of the Pyramid lies genocide—the systematic destruction of a group. While the Nagpur clash did not reach this extreme, history shows that unchecked hate can escalate to large-scale atrocities. Incidents like the 2002 Gujarat riots, the 1984 anti-Sikh pogrom, and the 2020 Delhi riots all followed a similar trajectory, beginning with hate speech and rumours before descending into mass violence.

CM Fadnavis and Union Minister Gadkari appeal for calm

In the wake of communal violence in Nagpur, Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis and Union Minister Nitin Gadkari have urged residents to remain calm and not be swayed by misinformation. Highlighting Nagpur’s legacy as a city known for communal harmony, Fadnavis called upon citizens to support law enforcement efforts and refrain from spreading or acting on rumours.

#WATCH | Nagpur (Maharashtra) violence: Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis says, “The manner in which the situation became tense in Mahal area of Nagpur is highly condemnable. A few people pelted stones, even at the Police. This is wrong. I am keeping an eye on the situation. I… pic.twitter.com/nBUqPv7D5U

— ANI (@ANI) March 17, 2025

“Nagpur has always been a symbol of peaceful coexistence. I appeal to all residents not to fall for false information and to cooperate with the police in maintaining order.”

Union Minister and Nagpur MP Nitin Gadkari echoed similar concerns, attributing the unrest to rumour-mongering. Stressing the importance of upholding the city’s tradition of peace, he appealed for restraint.

“Certain rumours have created a situation of religious tension in Nagpur. However, our city has always demonstrated unity in such circumstances. I urge everyone not to believe or spread misinformation and to ensure peace prevails.”

Criticism of the state government’s handling of Nagpur violence

While the administration sought to de-escalate tensions, the Maharashtra government faced sharp criticism from the opposition over its handling of the situation. Shiv Sena (UBT) spokesperson Anand Dubey held the government responsible for its failure to prevent the violence, pointing to a collapse in law and order. Expressing deep concern, he remarked,

“Maintaining law and order is the fundamental duty of any state government. The violence in Nagpur is highly regrettable—vehicles have been torched, stones have been thrown, and the situation has spiralled out of control. This is a city where people of all communities have historically lived in peace. The government has clearly failed to foster unity and prevent such unrest.”

Shiv Sena (UBT) leader Aaditya Thackeray took to X, stating, “The law and order of the state has collapsed like never before. Nagpur, the home city of the CM and Home Minister, is facing this.” His remarks underscored the irony of unrest unfolding in the stronghold of Maharashtra’s Chief Minister and Home Minister.

The law and order of the state has collapsed like never before. Nagpur, the home city of the CM and Home Minister, is facing this. https://t.co/AJxitSe1JB

— Aaditya Thackeray (@AUThackeray) March 17, 2025

Supriya Sule, Lok Sabha MP from the NCP (Sharad Pawar faction), also condemned the violence, calling it unfortunate. She urged citizens to “not believe in any rumours” and appealed for mutual harmony, reminding people that Maharashtra has always been a land of progressive ideas.

नागपूर शहरात दोन गटांमध्ये झालेल्या हिंसाचारात मोठे नुकसान झाले. ही घटना अतिशय दुःखद आणि दुर्दैवी आहे. नागरीकांना आवाहन आहे की कृपया कोणत्याही अफवेवर विश्वास ठेवू नका. परस्पर सामंजस्य आणि सौहार्दाचे वातावरण कायम ठेवण्याच्या दृष्टीने आपण सर्वांनी मिळून प्रयत्न करुयात. हा…

— Supriya Sule (@supriya_sule) March 18, 2025

Congress leader Pawan Khera pointed out that Nagpur has not witnessed riots in 300 years, suggesting that recent events were a deliberate attempt to stoke historical divisions for political gains. “Over the last several days, attempts were being made to weaponise 300-year-old history and use it now to create divisions, distractions, and unrest. These clashes expose the real face of the ideology of the ruling regime—both at the Centre and in the state,” he stated.

Reports of riots in Nagpur are deeply disturbing. Mahal is Chief Minister’s own area. In its 300 years of dynamic existence, Nagpur has never experienced riots.
Over the last several days, attempts were being made to weaponise 300 year old history and use it now to create… https://t.co/gqC5cAyz3B

— Pawan Khera (@Pawankhera) March 17, 2025

Leader of Opposition in the Maharashtra Assembly, Congress MLA Vijay Waddetiwar, went a step further, alleging that the violence was “government-sponsored”. He demanded a ban on Telangana BJP leader T Raja in Maharashtra, accusing him of instigating communal tensions. He also questioned why the BJP government, despite being in power both at the state and central levels, was protesting over the Aurangzeb issue instead of governing effectively.

Similarly, Ambadas Danve, Leader of Opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Council, blamed CM Devendra Fadnavis and his government for the unrest, asserting that the BJP was deliberately fuelling communal disharmony in the state.

Shiv Sena (UBT) Rajya Sabha MP Priyanka Chaturvedi also slammed the ruling party, warning that the Maharashtra government was “ruining the state for political opportunism and leading it towards a violent implosion.” She pointed out that the violence occurred in Nagpur, the constituency of both the Chief Minister and the Home Minister, making their failure to control the situation even more glaring.

Instigating violence, creating instability in the state, keeping the citizens busy over the past history while getting away with tough questions on the state’s financial doom, increased debt burden, growing joblessness and farmer suicides. Maharashtra is being strategically led…

— Priyanka Chaturvedi (@priyankac19) March 18, 2025

The opposition’s critique highlights growing concerns over state-sponsored communal polarisation, the failure of law enforcement, and political machinations aimed at deepening religious divides in Maharashtra.

Related:

Colours of Discord: How Holi is being turned into a battleground for hate and exclusion

Maharashtra Human Rights Commission probes Malvan demolitions after suo moto cognisance

Hindutva push for ‘Jhatka’ meat is a Brahminical & anti-Muslim agenda

WB LoP Suvendu Adhikari’s open call for Muslim-free assembly from the Assembly must be met with action, not silence

The post How communal unrest was stoked, misinformation & rumours ignited unrest in Nagpur appeared first on SabrangIndia.

Maharashtra, with a mixed history of intra-community conflict, has in 2024 under a BJP-SS (Eknath Shinde-NCP (Ajit Pawar) regime emerged as a communal hotbed in the year 2024 with the highest number of communal riots and mob lynching incidents. These communal riots claimed 13 lives- three of whom were Hindus and ten of whom were Muslims. The majority of communal riots were triggered during religious festivals or processions, including Pran Pratishthan at Ayodhya Ram Mandir (four riots in January), Saraswati Puja immersions (seven), Ganesh festivals (four), and Bakri Eid (two). This data underscores how religious celebrations are increasingly being exploited as triggers for communal tensions and political mobilisation.

Citizens for Justice and Peace’s Hate Watch programme meticulously monitors day on day such incidents and also gives a visual representation of the same on Nafrat ka Naqsha that can be viewed here.

In addition to the communal riots, 12 incidents of mob lynching were reported in the year 2024, resulting in 10 deaths: one Hindu, one Christian, and eight Muslims. While this represents a decline from 21 mob lynching incidents recorded in the year 2023, the persistence of these attacks remains a concern. Six of these lynchings were linked to cow vigilantism or accusations of cow slaughter. Other cases of lynching were on the pretext of interfaith relationships and assaults targeting Muslims for their religious identity. Geographically, Maharashtra accounted for three lynchings, while Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh each reported two incidents, and Karnataka recorded one.

The data analysed reveals a troubling trend: while mob lynching incidents decreased, communal riots reported as reported in these five newspapers surged by nearly 84%. Together, these developments signify an escalation of communal tensions and the marginalisation of Indian Muslims, further threatening the secular fabric of Indian society. The rise in the number of communal riots can be attributed to the General Elections that were held in April/May in 2024 and state assembly elections in the states of Maharashtra, Jharkhand and Haryana. Similarly, the intervention of judicial interventions — calling upon the state to take action against mob lynching especially after Hindus were victims of mob lynching– have resulted in lesser incidents of mob lynching.

On the basis of its annual monitoring exercise, the CSSS based has released these trends of communal violence in India during 2024. The year saw a disturbing shift towards more institutionalized forms of violence, characterised primarily by attacks on places of religious worship and attempts by fringe Hindu right-wing groups to push for archaeological surveys of historic mosques and dargahs, including the Ajmer Sharif Dargah. These actions reflect a concerted effort to reshape India’s socio-political and cultural landscape.

This trend was accompanied by significant legislative changes, such as the introduction of the Uniform Civil Code in Uttarakhand and amendments to the Waqf Board Act. Additionally, the use of bulldozers to demolish properties owned by Muslims without due legal process continued unabated from 2023, symbolising the (mis) use of state power –where governments belong to the Bharaitya Janata Party (BJP) played a large part [1]–being wielded disproportionately against the Muslim community. Bulldozers in the years 2023 and 2024 have become synonymous with a kind of “collective punishment” meted out to the Muslims. Ironically, bulldozers are used to punish Muslims when they are victims of the same communal riots. Furthermore, an increase in communal riots, particularly during religious festivals, has heightened concerns about the erosion of India’s secular and composite cultural fabric.

A more detailed analysis is expected to follow this brief interim report.

[1] The hill states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh (governed by the Indian National Congress-INC have also witnessed acute communal polarization with the miniscule Muslim minority population being targeted through slurs, hate speech and attacks on places of worship (Sanjauli and Nandi masjids) https://sabrangindia.in/tensions-escalate-in-himachal-and-uttarakhand-multiple-protest-and-rallies-against-mosques/

Related:

Temple-mosque politics: Right Wing’s communal hit list getting longer?

The post How hate spread in 2024, a report of communal violence in India appeared first on SabrangIndia.

The Uttar Pradesh Director General of Police (DGP) swiftly suspended the Station House Officer of Hardi police station and the Mahsi outpost in-charge. Thirty individuals were arrested in connection with the violence, and a search for the main accused is underway. On Monday (October 14) morning, when protests over the killing turned violent, police resorted to baton charges and tear gas to disperse the crowd. Bahraich District Magistrate Monika Rani confirmed that efforts were being made to regain control of the situation.

The clash initially broke out on Sunday (October 13) evening, when a Durga idol procession passing through a Muslim-majority area was asked to lower its music. A verbal altercation quickly escalated into stone-pelting between two groups, and the situation worsened when gunshots were allegedly fired. Ram Gopal sustained a bullet injury and later succumbed to his wounds at the hospital.

A video that circulated widely on social media captured Gopal standing on the roof of a building, where he was seen tearing down a green flag before energetically waving a saffron flag. Below, a mob encouraged him, shouting slogans like “Jai Bajrang Bali” and “Jai Shree Ram.” In another video, which was shared by multiple journalists on social media, an individual was seen dragging Mishra’s lifeless body down from the rooftop while stones were being hurled at them.

A murder case has reportedly been registered against 10 individuals, including four unidentified persons, based on a complaint by Ram Gopal’s brother, Hari Milan. The complaint claimed that Ram Gopal was dragged into the home of an accused, Abdul Hameed, where he was shot and also attacked with swords. Meanwhile, police continued flag marches in the Maharajganj area, where streets remained deserted under heavy police presence and an ongoing internet blackout.

This report offers a comprehensive look at the events that unfolded, tracing the roots of the violence, the police response, and the prevailing atmosphere of tension and fear in Bahraich, a region now caught in the cycle of escalating communal clashes.

Brief timeline of events: Communal tensions in Mahsi Tehsil, Bahraich

October 13, 2024

3:00 PM

In Maharajganj Bazaar, tensions rise during a Durga idol immersion procession. As the procession passes through a Muslim-majority area, locals object to the loud music being played by the DJ. A verbal confrontation ensues, which quickly escalates, with both sides engaging in stone-pelting. Police arrive but struggle to bring the situation under control.

3:30 PM

Amid the chaos, Ram Gopal Mishra, a devotee, climbs onto a rooftop and replaces a flag with a saffron one. This act fuels further unrest, and the stone-pelting intensifies. Community members, armed with swords and knives, begin targeting the procession, exacerbating the violence.

4:00 PM

Ram Gopal is dragged into a house, brutally beaten, and shot multiple times. Another man, Rajan, attempts to intervene and save Ram Gopal but is critically injured in the process.

6:00 PM

News of Ram Gopal’s murder spreads rapidly. The procession spirals out of control, turning violent. Protesters set vehicles on fire, while an angry crowd gathers outside the hospital, accusing the police of negligence and inaction.

9:00 PM

As tensions escalate, police resort to a lathi charge to disperse the growing crowd. However, stone-pelting continues, further intensifying the volatile situation.

10:00 PM

BJP MLA Sureshwar Singh arrives on the scene, promising swift action against those responsible for the violence. Despite the assurance, the crowd refuses to disperse, demanding immediate justice.

10:21 PM

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath issues a stern warning, ordering stringent action against those disturbing the peace and escalating the situation.

October 14, 2024

9:00 AM

The autopsy of Ram Gopal Mishra confirms that he sustained fatal gunshot wounds, along with multiple cuts from sharp weapons, confirming the brutal nature of the attack.

9:00 AM – 10:00 AM

Protests flare once again as enraged locals take to the streets, engaging in a rampage. Shops are vandalised, and more vehicles are set on fire. The atmosphere remains tense.

11:00 AM

Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath dispatches senior officials to Bahraich to assess the situation, including Additional Director General of Police (ADG) Amitabh Yash and Home Secretary Sanjeev Gupta, in an effort to restore order.

12:30 PM

With the heavy presence of security forces, including senior officers and reinforcements, calm begins to return to the area. Despite the tensions, the situation gradually stabilises.

1:00 PM

A significant police deployment is made, with four SP/SSP-ranked officers, four DSPs, one company of the Rapid Action Force (RAF), and three companies of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) stationed in the area to prevent further violence.

1:30 PM

Ram Gopal’s last rites are performed under tight security, as the district administration remains on high alert.

A 22-year-old man died, and several others were injured during clashes between two groups in a village in #UttarPradesh‘s #Bahraich, during a #DurgaVisarjan procession.

After the incident, tension gripped the area as people set several vehicles on fire, prompting police to use… pic.twitter.com/mJkeqDrczE

— Hate Detector (@HateDetectors) October 14, 2024

Tensions erupt in Bahraich: Violence and aftermath

As the situation deteriorated, gunfire was allegedly exchanged, and Ram Gopal sustained a gunshot wound. He was immediately rushed to the hospital, where he succumbed to his injuries. Despite efforts to save him, he died during treatment. This incident has left the region on edge, with the local administration working to restore peace and stability.

The case was registered at the Hardi police station, based on a complaint by Ram Gopal’s brother, Hari Milan. The complaint stated that Ram Gopal was dragged into the house of a man identified as Abdul Hameed, where he was beaten and shot. Hari Milan also alleged that his brother was attacked with swords during the assault.

Bahraich Superintendent of Police (SP) Vrinda Shukla confirmed that a member of the Hindu community lost his life after being shot during clashes in Maharajganj Bazaar. “The situation became tense following the shooting, and Visarjan (idol immersion) processions were halted in several areas, allowing mischievous elements to take advantage and create disturbances,” Shukla said.

As per media report, Shukla had also stated that 30 individuals had been detained in connection with the violence. Notably, the police has also launched an investigation, during which a man named Salman was arrested after evidence revealed gunfire originating from his home, which also functions as a shop. Reports from India Today suggest that a case has been registered against ten individuals involved in the violence, under the charge of murder. Six of the suspects have been identified as Abdul Hameed, Sarfaraz, Faheem, Sahir Khan, Nankau, and Marf Ali, with the identities of four others yet to be confirmed. According to India Today, SP Shukla had stated, “A case has been registered against Salman as gunshots were fired from his residence.”

Arson and escalation after Ram Gopal’s death

The unrest further intensified on October 14, a day after Ram Gopal was shot to death, following the release of Ram Gopal’s body to his family after a post-mortem. A large group of people, carrying the body, marched to Mahsi tehsil, where they staged a protest demanding capital punishment for those involved in his murder. The protesters initially refused to conduct the last rites until their demands were met.

Deceased Ram Gopal’s funeral was held on Monday under heavy security, following considerable tensions in the area. The funeral procession, attended by scores of people armed with sticks, was marked by cries for justice from the family and community members, as tensions escalated. Ram Gopal, who was 22 years old, was newly married and had been part of the procession when he was fatally shot. His video of removing the flag atop of a house, and replacing with a saffron flag had gone viral. His mother, speaking to PTI expressed her grief: “My son was going with the idol for immersion when he was dragged inside and shot to death.”

Pramod Kumar, a relative of the deceased, expressed frustration, blaming the police for negligence. “If we had received police protection, this tragedy would not have occurred. We demand justice for Ram Gopal and adequate compensation for his family,” he said, while another relative, Priti, demanded the accused be hanged and their houses demolished. She claimed Ram Gopal had been shot 15 times during the attack.

After the funeral, scores of people, some armed with sticks, walked around the district and indulged in violence and arson. Tensions escalated with shops and homes, particularly belonging to Muslims, being burnt down by the angry crowds out in the streets. During the clashes, homes, shops, and vehicles were damaged, with stone-pelting causing widespread destruction. A two-wheeler showroom in Hardi was also set ablaze. Several individuals, reportedly more than half a dozen were injured in the ensuing stone-pelting and gunfire, and the district administration suspended internet services to curb the spread of rumours and prevent further violence.

In #UttarPradesh‘s #Bahraich, angry #Hindu groups have issued a 24-hour ultimatum to authorities demanding action following the recent clashes during #DurgaVisarjan. They have threatened to take matters into their own hands if their demands are not met. pic.twitter.com/KwKZYxw2GL

— Hate Detector (@HateDetectors) October 14, 2024

Man killed, houses, shops set on fire, vehicles torched, several injured in firing and stone pelting- mob has been calling the shots for the past over 24 hours in #Bahraich district of #UttarPradesh. pic.twitter.com/sTl4RTD4A7

— Hate Detector (@HateDetectors) October 14, 2024

Violence erupted once again in #UttarPradesh‘s #Bahraich as tensions soared during the funeral procession of #RamGopalMishra.

Hospital and vehicles inside an auto showroom were set on fire by the mob, who were seen roaming the streets armed with sticks allegedly. pic.twitter.com/pG4EjKeNYX

— Hate Detector (@HateDetectors) October 14, 2024

Police efforts and situation control

Referring to the violence and arson that gripped Bahraich on Monday, Director General of Police (DGP) Prashant Kumar later stated that the situation in Bahraich had been brought under control. He emphasised that Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is closely monitoring the situation and has instructed the police to intensify their efforts to track down those responsible for the violence. The police chief also urged local residents to remain vigilant and not fall prey to misinformation or rumours circulating in the region.

Meanwhile, following the assurance of strict police action, the halted Durga idol immersion rituals resumed in the area, providing a semblance of normalcy amidst the heightened tensions. The police, equipped with drones, are reportedly continuing surveillance efforts and conducting raids to apprehend suspects. They are also reviewing video and photographic evidence to identify the attackers.

Despite the situation being largely under control, fresh reports of violence emerged from Nakawa village on Monday night, where several shops and homes were torched by unidentified assailants. The attackers also attempted to target a religious structure before police forces intervened and restored order.

Reactions by ministers and leaders from the BJP party

Yogi Adityanath responds to Bahraich violence, vows strict action: Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath addressed the escalating tensions in Bahraich, particularly in Mahsi tehsil, and assured that those responsible for disturbing the peace would face strict action. “Anyone attempting to vitiate the atmosphere in Mahsi of Bahraich district will not be spared,” he declared in a post on X (formerly Twitter) on Sunday.

He emphasised that while safety would be ensured for everyone, the rioters and those whose negligence contributed to the incident would be held accountable. In his statement, Adityanath also confirmed that the idol immersion processions would continue uninterrupted. He added that police and administration officials had been instructed to be on the ground, communicating with religious groups to ensure the timely and peaceful completion of the immersion rituals.

जनपद बहराइच के महसी में माहौल बिगाड़ने वालों को बख्शा नहीं जाएगा।

सभी को सुरक्षा की गारंटी, लेकिन उपद्रवियों और जिनकी लापरवाही से घटना घटी है, ऐसे लोगों को चिह्नित कर कठोरतम कार्रवाई के निर्देश दिए हैं।

प्रतिमा विसर्जन जारी रहेगा। प्रशासन और पुलिस के अधिकारियों को मौके पर…

— Yogi Adityanath (@myogiadityanath) October 13, 2024

Deputy Chief Minister Keshav Prasad Maurya calls for peace: Deputy Chief Minister Keshav Prasad Maurya echoed similar sentiments, urging the public to maintain peace and patience. “Any conspiracy to disrupt the peace and harmony in Uttar Pradesh will not succeed,” he said on Monday, warning that those providing shelter to rioters were becoming active again.

Maurya underscored that the state’s bright future would not be compromised and assured that the perpetrators would be brought to justice. He appealed to the public to stay vigilant and calm, reiterating the government’s commitment to ensuring justice for the victims.

Local Leaders express condolences and call for action: BJP MLA from Mahsi, Sureshwar Singh, expressed his condolences to the family of the deceased, Ram Gopal Mishra, and demanded swift action against those responsible for the violence. “We are proceeding with the last rites of the deceased, who was recently married just four months ago,” Singh told PTI.

He conveyed that the family was seeking legal action against the culprits, including the suspension of local police officials for their negligence.

Meanwhile, UP BJP President Bhupendra Singh Chaudhary described the incident as unfortunate and assured that the state government was fully alert. “The accused are being thoroughly investigated, and strict action will be taken against them,” he said. Chaudhary emphasised that CM Adityanath had taken immediate cognizance of the situation and vowed that not only the accused but anyone assisting them would also face consequences.

Security measures and administrative response: As per multiple media reports, CM Adityanath dispatched ADG, Law and Order, Amitabh Yash, and Home Secretary Sanjeev Gupta to Bahraich to oversee the situation. Additionally, four IPS officers and senior police officials were deployed to the region to restore order. In response to the violence, 12 companies of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC), two companies of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and one company of the Rapid Action Force (RAF) were stationed in Bahraich to bring the situation under control.

As part of the immediate action taken, Station House Officer (SHO) of Hardi police station, Suresh Kumar Verma, along with a sub-inspector, were suspended for their failure to prevent the unrest.

BJP MLA’s actions amplify communal divisions amid unrest in Bahraich: According to a report of The Wire, a BJP MLA has further inflamed communal tensions on social media by sharing a list of Muslim journalists, questioning their impartiality in reporting on recent events. Shalabh Mani Tripathi, the BJP MLA from Deoria and former media advisor to Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, took to X to state, “Just read the names of the journalists sending news from Bahraich, and you will understand how unbiased and true the news is. A group of YouTubers is also involved. The whole system is engaged in saving the rioters and spreading lies.”

बहराइच से ख़बरें भेज रहे पत्रकारों के नाम भर पढ लीजिये,समझ आ जाएगा कि ख़बरें कितनी निष्पक्ष व सच्ची हैं,यूट्यूबरों की जमात अलग से जुटी है,पूरा सिस्टम ही भिड़ा है दंगाइयों को बचाने में,झूठ फैलाने में !! pic.twitter.com/5JcFGYdfzn

— Dr. Shalabh Mani Tripathi (@shalabhmani) October 14, 2024

In his post, Tripathi, who has a background as a television journalist before joining the BJP, included a list of 13 journalists—all of whom are Muslim—along with their respective media affiliations, which included outlets like NDTV, PTI, India TV, ANI, News 24, Bhaskar TV, and Bharat Samachar. Notably, while numerous journalists from the Hindu community are also covering the situation in Bahraich, Tripathi chose to single out only those from the Muslim community, thereby exacerbating communal divisions and raising concerns about bias in his own rhetoric.

Failure to implement orders led to Bahraich violence, says government official

The communal violence in Bahraich could have been avoided if the local administration had acted on the directives of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, a senior state government official told Hindustan Times. The official pointed out that the Bahraich administration failed to deploy additional police forces in the communally sensitive Mahsi area and did not organise regular patrolling to monitor the activities of anti-social elements who later incited violence and disrupted communal harmony.

During a law-and-order review meeting held on October 1, the Chief Minister had instructed police and district administration officers to remain on high alert around the clock, particularly during festival seasons. Reportedly, CM Yogi had emphasised the importance of assessing even small incidents that had occurred during past festivals in the state to prevent any unrest. CM Adityanath had specifically directed the authorities to take necessary measures to prevent any untoward incidents during the upcoming festive period, which included Sharadiya Navratri through to Chhath Puja.

Bahraich Violence Sparks Political Reactions amid By-Election Concerns

Without directly referencing Bahraich, Samajwadi Party (SP) chief Akhilesh Yadav suggested that the “worsening of the communal atmosphere” just ahead of the upcoming by-elections was “not a coincidence.” Criticising the Uttar Pradesh government, Yadav remarked that the administration should have monitored what was being played on loudspeakers during the Durga idol immersion procession.

Appealing for calm from both communities, Yadav called the incident unfortunate and questioned the government’s approach. “The administration, government, and media know why this happened. The government should ensure justice. When the procession started, the administration should have checked its route and ensured sufficient police deployment. If I reveal what was being played on those loudspeakers, the government will offer a different narrative,” he said.

चुनाव का आना और साम्प्रदायिक माहौल का बिगड़ जाना, ये इत्तफ़ाक़ नहीं है। जनता सब समझ रही है। हार के डर से हिंसा का सहारा लेना किसकी पुरानी रणनीति है, सब जानते हैं। ये उप चुनाव की दस्तक है।

दिखावटी क़ानून-व्यवस्था की जगह अगर सरकार सच में पुख़्ता इंतज़ाम करे तो सब सही हो जाएगा…

— Akhilesh Yadav (@yadavakhilesh) October 14, 2024

#WATCH लखनऊ: बहराइच की घटना पर समाजवादी पार्टी प्रमुख अखिलेश यादव ने कहा, “मेरी अपील है कि कानून व्यवस्था बनी रहे। घटना दुखद है। सरकार को न्याय करना चाहिए। जिस समय ये जुलूस निकला उस समय पुलिस को इस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए था कि रूट पर सुरक्षा है या नहीं, पर्याप्त पुलिस की तैनाती… pic.twitter.com/bOjkF7KjNw

— ANI_HindiNews (@AHindinews) October 14, 2024

SP leader Fakhrul Hasan Chaand also criticised the BJP government, pointing to the failures in managing law and order. “In the Bahraich incident, the administration’s shortcomings were exposed. It was a failure of both the police and intelligence. This is evident not only in Bahraich but also in the ongoing tensions in Ghaziabad,” he said.

Congress General Secretary Priyanka Gandhi Vadra took to X, expressing deep concern over the violence and the administration’s response, calling it “extremely sad and unfortunate.” She urged the Chief Minister and state authorities to take immediate and strict action, involve the public to rebuild trust, and work to end the violence. “Strictest action should be taken against the culprits. I appeal to the public not to take the law into their own hands,” she wrote.

बहराइच, उत्तर प्रदेश में हो रही हिंसा और प्रशासन के निष्क्रिय होने की खबरें अत्यंत दुखद और दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण हैं।

मैं प्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्री जी एवं राज्य प्रशासन से अपील करती हूं कि त्वरित एक्शन लेते हुए, जनता को विश्वास में लें और हिंसा रोकें। दोषियों पर सख्त से सख्त कार्रवाई हो।…

— Priyanka Gandhi Vadra (@priyankagandhi) October 14, 2024

Meanwhile, SP leader ST Hasan emphasised the need for accountability. “We live in a peaceful country with a history of Hindu-Muslim harmony. Those attempting to disrupt peace, whether political figures or common citizens, should face action,” he said in an interview with ANI.

#WATCH | Moradabad, UP | On Bahraich violence, Samajwadi Party leader ST Hasan says, “Action must be taken against those who take laws into their own hands. We live in a peaceful country which has a history of Hindu-Muslim. Those who are trying to disturb our peace, be it… pic.twitter.com/v5rpPnBLny

— TIMES NOW (@TimesNow) October 15, 2024

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) chief Mayawati also expressed concern over the law-and-order situation in Bahraich. In a Hindi post on X, she wrote, “It is worrying that law and order in Bahraich has deteriorated and is out of control. The government and administration must act without bias, strictly according to the law, so the situation does not worsen, and peace is maintained.”

1. यूपी के बहराइच जिले में कानून-व्यवस्था की स्थिति का खराब होकर काबू से बाहर हो जाना चिन्ताजनक। ऐसे हालात के लिए शासन-प्रशासन की नीयत व नीति पक्षपाती नहीं बल्कि पूरी तरह से कानूनवादी होना चाहिए ताकि सम्बंधित मामला गंभीर न होकर यहां शान्ति व्यवस्था की स्थिति बनी रहे। 1/2

— Mayawati (@Mayawati) October 15, 2024

2. साथ ही, त्योहार कोई भी व किसी मजहब का हो, शान्ति व्यवस्था सरकार की पहली जिम्मेदारी है। ऐसे अवसर पर विशेष प्रबंध जरूरी। यदि ऐसी जिम्मेदारी निभाई गयी होती तो बहराइच की घटना कभी भी घटित नहीं होती। सरकार हर हाल में अमन-चैन व लोगों के जान-माल व मजहब की सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करे। 2/2

— Mayawati (@Mayawati) October 15, 2024

Related:

Pre-Election Gimmickry, Maharashtra: Mahayuti govt compelled to appropriate INDIA alliance Constitution driven call?

Democracy, Pluralism and People’s Politics: Kulgam Shows the Way

Suspended again: Deepak Sharma’s relentless cycle of hate across multiple social media accounts

FIR against Alt News Co-founder Mohammed Zubair based on complaint by BJP leader Udita Tyagi, action on his social media posts sought

The post Fatal clashes erupt in Bahraich, UP: One dead, multiple arrests as communal violence spirals appeared first on SabrangIndia.

Communal Riots:

Seven out of the total of ten communal riots took place in the state of Bihar alone around the Saraswati idol immersion. These communal riots took place in north and east of Bihar- in Bhagalpur, Sitamarhi, Siwan, Darbhanga, Jamui, sheikhpura and Saharsa.  Forty-seven persons were injured in Bihar communal riots alone. According to the investigations of CSSS, religious processions in the recent past have used communal slurs and provocative slogans to target the Muslims and incite violence. Religious processions are increasingly used for asserting hegemony of Hindu religion.

The rest of the three communal riots took place in Haldwani in Uttarakhand, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh and Vadodara in Gujarat. All the four states are ruled by BJP. These communal riots claimed six lives- all six deaths took place in Haldwani communal riots. Two out of these six persons who died were Muslims.

Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh witnessed a communal riot on February 9, when the followers of Islamic cleric and Ittehad-e-Millat Council chief Tauqeer Raza Khan took to the streets after he was detained for giving a call for “jail bharo” over the ongoing Gyanvapi dispute. Stones were pelted at people returning home after participating in a protest organised by Tauqeer Raza Khan in the Shamat Ganj area under Baradari police station limits. The police had to use minor force to disperse the crowd. Soon after the incident, a group attacked and injured two Hindu motorcyclists near the spot where the stone pelting occurred. Three people were injured. Some motorcycles were vandalized.

Another minor communal riot took place in Vadodara in the state of Gujarat. Communal riots took place when a mob of over 150 people assembled to protest against a social media post which was allegedly derogatory against Lord Ram and allegedly posted by one Sahid Patel. The police alleged that the Muslims started stone pelting when the accused was present at the Navapura police station. Three persons were injured and the police have caught 11 persons and 22 persons have been booked.

A major communal riot took place at Haldwani in Uttarakhand on February 8. In the strictest sense this is not a communal riot where there was violence inflicted by one community over the other. In this instance, the Muslim community, provoked to violence due to the demolition of the Abdul Razzaq Zakariya Madrassa and Mariyam Mosque- retaliated against the administration. The hasty action of the authorities in bulldozing the places of worship, while a litigation on the legality or otherwise of the structures was before the High Court, has been questioned.The authorities alleged that the structures were illegal. The residents of Haldwani allegedly hurled petrol bombs and stones at the municipality workers. The police thereafter used excessive force, including indiscriminate firing and brutality during searches and detention. Six persons were killed and over 100 injured during police action. Over five persons were arrested including Patel.

The Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) had in an open letter to the Governor brought out detailed facts around the violence. This report may be read here

Discriminatory Laws:

Apart from communal riots, there have been incidents of discriminatory legislations passed by the state which curbed the freedom of religion of Muslims and Christians. These laws aimed at privileging the Hindu religion and discriminate based on religious identity. For instance, Uttarakhand passed the controversial Uniform Civil Code Act which will be applicable to all religious communities in the matters of marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance etc replacing personal laws that are in practice in India. The passage of this law without any discussions with stakeholders has been widely criticised. The personal laws in practice in the rest of India ensure cultural autonomy to the diverse communities. However, with the Uniform Civil Code passed by the state of Uttarakhand has essentially drawn most provisions from Hindu laws and imposing it on diverse communities in a bid to homogenize and hegemonize.

In another instance of such selective policies, the Assam cabinet Assam Cabinet approved the Assam Healing (Prevention of Evil) Practices Bill, 2024, to address the issue of fraudulent magical healing practices in the name of treatment. The Bill prescribes imprisonment and fines for engaging in illegal practices under the guise of treatment or magic healing. This Bill was introduced on the unsubstantiated premise that Christian evangelists are converting Adivasis as elaborated by CM Himanta Biswa Sarma in his statement. He said, “We want to curb evangelism in Assam and in this regard, the banning of healing is an important milestone. We are going to pilot this bill because we believe the religious status quo is very important for a proper balance. Let Muslims remain Muslims, Christians remain Christians, Hindus remain Hindus.” He had added that magical healing is “a dicey subject used to convert tribal people”.

Sarma also promised to bring UCC to Assam along the lines of Uttarakhand. Additionally, the Assam government repealed the Assam Muslim Marriage and Divorce Registration Act 1935. The Chief Minister argued that the decision had been taken to curb child marriage, stating that the Act has a provision that enables the marriage of brides and grooms below the ages of 18 and 21, respectively.

Uttarakhand also proposes to table a bill called, “Uttarakhand Public and Private Property Damage Recovery Bill”. The law if passed will make rioters accountable for damages to government and private property. This law comes in the backdrop of the communal riots triggered by demolition of the alleged illegal Mariyam Mosque and Abdul Razzaq Zakariya madrassa in Haldwani. The premise of this law as cited in other BJP ruled states where this law is operational is that Muslims are rioters and responsible for the damage to public and private property.

The Ministry of Minority Affairs instructed the closure of the Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF) ‘at the earliest’ through a notice. The MAEF was meant for the upliftment of minority community members-Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis and Jains. Founded with the mission of promoting education among the marginalised sections of society, the Maulana Azad Education Foundation was funded by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. Closure of such scholarship to students from minority communities will adversely impact the educational prospects of such students.

The Chhattisgarh government is introducing in the coming days the “Chhattisgarh Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion Bill” which mandates a person who wishes to convert to another religion to fill a form with personal details at least 60 days in advance and submit it to the District Magistrate. Additionally, following the conversion, a person will have to fill another declaration form within 60 days and present himself or herself before the DM for verification. Such laws tighten restrictions on individuals to convert out of their own free will. Such laws also intrude into personal choices of individuals to choose and practice faith.

In yet another bid to invisibilize the contribution of Islam and Mughal kings to Indian heritage, Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC) has changed the name of Jama Masjid metro station to Mankameshwar.

Hate Speeches:

According to the monitoring of CSSS, four major incidents of hate speeches were reported in the month of February. Three out of the four hate speeches were made by tall BJP leaders. Nitesh Rane, BJP MLA from Maharashtra on two occasions alleged without data or evidence that ‘land Jihad’ and ‘love jihad’ is taking place in Maharashtra. On one instance he accused that the electricity theft to the tune of INR 300 crores is funding terrorist activities in Malegaon. The judiciary had convicted right wing leader Pragya Thakur in the bomb blast case in Malegaon.

These were first covered and monitored by Citizens for Justice and Peace; stories may be read here.

Nitesh Rane in Mumbai in another incident he blamed the BMC and MHADA officials for having facilitated “land jihad” by allowing “Rohingyas” to settle in Govandi and Mankhurd “illegally”. He threatened to demolish all mosques in Govandi and Mankhurd the area if MHADA didn’t demolish them. No effective action is taken against Rane who has a history of making hate speeches.

In another incident, one of the protestors in a rally led by Suvendhu Adhikari, BJP opposition leader in West Bengal called a senior IPS Sikh office as “Khalistani”. The protesters were on way to Sandeshkhali in West Bengal.

In a video emerging from Gujarat, Mufti Salman Azhari, religious leader from Mumbai made a provocative statement. He said, “abhi toh Karbala ka akhaari maidan baki hai, kuch der ki khamoshi hai fir kirane ayega, aaj kutto ka wakt hai kal hamara daur ayega”. His arrests has led to protests and communal riots in Vadodara.

Hate Crimes

A family of three became targets of hate crimes when a mob of about 30 to 40 persons forced Asif Shaikh to say “Jai Shri Ram” in a train from Kankavali to Mumbai in Maharashtra in January. He was traveling with his wife and toddler daughter. The video of the attack on the family went viral. The mob threw hot tea at Asif’s daughter when Asif protested against their force.

Related:

Haldwani: Police allege planned mob attack, as local Muslims state police harassing and detaining family members without evidence

Demolitions as retributive state policy used against minorities in India: Amnesty

 BJP MLA Nitesh Rane leads Hindutva Rally in Govandi, demands demolition of “illegal Masjids and Madrasa”

The post February 2024: Report card on communal violence, India appeared first on SabrangIndia.

In Uttar Pradesh’s Agra, a shobha yatra organised by right-wing activists saw about 1000 to 1500 people armed with lathis and sticks that forced their way into a Mughal-era mosque on January 22 and hoisted a saffron flag on the historic mosque, according to the Indian Express. The people reportedly raised religious slogans and also issued threats to those present within the mosque. An FIR has been registered invoking Sections 147 (rioting), 148 (rioting, armed with a deadly weapon), 452 (trespass after preparation for hurt or assault), and 505 (2) (statements conducing to public mischief) of the Indian Penal Code, according to The Hindu. According to Scroll, the mosque, which dates back to 1677, is a monument that comes under the protection of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Similarly, on January 22, 2024, the town of Menhdawal in Uttar Pradesh’s Sant Kabir Nagar district witnessed a mob take out a Shobha Yatra and reportedly tried to force its way into a mosque. The Free Press Journal has reported that the police have arrested five people so far on charges of ‘breach of peace’ and of ‘creating nuisance’ outside a place of worship during a religious procession.

Meanwhile, an almost identical incident unfolded in Shahjahanpur district of the state. Three people, Rohit Joshi, Ankit Katheria, and Rohit Saxena were arrested on January 22nd for allegedly replacing a flag on a mosque with a saffron one, according to the Deccan Herald. At the same district, in Tilhar, another incident occurred where five people have been officially charged by the police, along with 12 unidentified persons, on allegations of vandalising a flag that displayed the name of the deity Ram.

Similarly, in Kushinagar, ten Muslim men, along with several unidentified people, are facing charges for reportedly hurling stones and bricks at a dwaj yatra (shobha yatra). Reports suggest that this incident took place after an altercation Muslims reportedly objected to Jai Sri Ram slogans. According to The Wire, the Superintendent of Police Kushinagar Dhawal Jaiswal, has stated that it was an issue that took place due to people arguing over the bursting of firecrackers.

Similar 3 such incidents were reported from Kanpur, as religious tensions continued to remain flared with two more from Shahjahanpur, and one from Azamgarh, marking an intensely charged set of days for the state.

Related:

As Ram Temple inaugurated in UP, reports arrive of communal incidents from five states

Riddles of Ayodhya Ram Temple: Consecration of Bhagwan Ram’s idol, but which one?

A Fast & Penitence: 72 hours of Love & Sorrow to fellow Muslims, pride in My Moghul heritage

Payment denied for hiring a Muslim server: Tide of hatred against India’s Muslims continues

The post Around the inauguration of Ram Temple, communal tension erupted in Uttar Pradesh appeared first on SabrangIndia.

A report by The Quint reveals that the security arrangements are still strongly at place, with over 1,000 police officers deployed in the area. This includes six platoons from the State Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and three platoons from the Rapid Action Force (RAF). Authorities had earlier issued stern warnings to administrators of various groups, warning them against the sharing of incendiary posts on social media networks.

Reports had earlier emerged that BJP MLAs Nitesh Rane and Geeta Jain were making attempts that could lead to escalation of tensions at the Mira Road area. Since security had been amped at the place, the two leaders had made attempts to enter the area, with Jain even having stated an ultimatum to the authorities if the rally were not allowed to pass through the area, they would come without permission. Nitesh Rane too had posted on X a tweet which reportedly talked of violence.

However, as the week unfolded law and order, it seems, has taken due course.  Further, according to the Free Press Journal, a meeting of all parties and police officials along with the district authorities had taken place in Mira Road. Representatives of both print and electronic were also present for this attempt at a peace-making gathering on January 25. This  gathering was held behind closed doors and sought to devise a  strategy for reinstating normalcy following the recent clashes at Mira Road. Some of the figures in attendance included local legislators Pratap Sarnaik, former legislators Narendra Mehta, Muzaffar Hussain, Police Commissioner Madhukar Pandey, Civic Chief Sanjay Katkar, and local MNS and RPI chiefs Sandip Rane and Devendra Shelekar. The meeting also reportedly included BJP’s local MLA Geeta Jain.

However, along with this, several citizens and political leaders have been taking steps to ensure that communal harmony is set at a balance. The National Congress Party’s (NCP) MP Jitendra Awhad spoke  on the recent incidents and urged for peace, “I request that both the communities should stay calm; everyone suffers. Those who spark the fire (of hatred) stay somewhere else in bungalows and apartments. Their houses are not burnt, houses of poor people are burnt.”

Similarly, Ranvir Bajpai a BJP spokesperson and activist who is reportedly also resident of Mira Bhayandar also released a video of himself online in which he is seen urging people from both religious communities to maintain caution and stay away from rumours,  and is seen requesting the people of both the communities to maintain peace in Mumbai’s Mira Road.

Similarly, more stories to bring about communal harmony sprung up as a report by a media portal called City Headline was featured on a page called Hate Detectors on the social media site X. It brings to us visuals of a very old temple dedicated to the deity Ganesh which is situated in the Mira-Bhayandar area. The temple caretaker named Inderjeet says that Muslims come and clean the temple and he has been peacefully carrying out his duties without any fear. Another staff member working at the temple for 20 years says that he has never felt afraid while working at the temple contrary to what many right-wingers claim on social media, “If I had felt unsafe, would I have worked here for 20 years?” He asks. Another individual, named Suraj Kannojia stated that he had been working there for 15 years however he has never encountered any incident where he felt afraid in the temple.

Politicians have also called out “hypocritical” behaviour of political parties and the attempt to sway youth. Ram Kankonkar, a TMC politician from Goa, spoke out on the heavy polarisation taking place at the hands of Hindutva parties. He presented a Bahujan perspective, and points out to what he calls the hypocrisy of the ruling powers and their monopoly over the Hindu religion, “I’m telling you one thing, in the name of the Hindu dharma you can’t fool people (I am also a Hindu). I am a proud Hindu but today this “natak” (drama) you are breaking statues. Hinduism runs in my veins but I am not like you. You are only using Ramas name for elections. Just for this and nothing else.” He addressed the youth who are involved in violent rallies, “You are who are roaming the streets shouting (loudly).  you are spoiling god’s name. We don’t do that, we don’t shout “Jai Shree Ram”.” He states that the BJP is spoiling our god’s name, and asks where Ram has said that we must incite violence?

“We will not stand for this. Christians, Hindus, Muslims live together, and we like living together. Your politics is of divide and rule, why not focus on unemployment, petrol prices, education, fatal accidents and increase in crimes? But instead all you are doing is using Ram’s name. Does Lord Ram sit for elections? Shouting this on the streets doesn’t make us Hindus. Ram is in our hearts always, do the work like lord Ram did.  I feel this is a complete collapse of democracy. God must be worried because of your behaviour. Today we have to build love more than hate. The immediate need is for us to educate ourselves. I want to tell our Bahujan Samaj, all of you who are sitting at home, for what are you being used?”

He addressed the people of the Bahujan Samaj, “Our children are made to fight and cases are lodged against us while their children study abroad. BJPs agents are measuring  Bahujan Samaj people. I am telling you clearly, they are using you in the name of religion. Post elections they will forget about you.”

Related:

Let’s Save the Republic on our 75th Republic Day

Mira Road remains tense after violence outbreak

Bombay HC refuses to prohibit Maratha reservation activist Manoj Jarange Patil’s protest in Mumbai on republic day

Payment denied for hiring a Muslim server: Tide of hatred against India’s Muslims continues

The post Maharashtra leaders call for peace amidst Mira Road violence appeared first on SabrangIndia.

In a repeat of what has happened in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and the capital, the Delhi police have arrested 14 people – all Muslim – in connection with the communal clash broke out in North Delhi’s Jahangirpuri area on the evening of Saturday, April 16, after a Hindutva procession allegedly attempted to hoist and then wave a saffron flag in front of a local mosque. On the occasion of Hanuman Jayanti, a procession of Bajrang Dal Members undertaking a Shobha Yatra reportedly reached the mosque in Jahangirpuri’s Block C at 5 pm, when the incident took place.

AajTak had this report on the violence from eye-witnesses where the chronology of the aggression clearly shows that it was the aggressive Hindutva mob that disturbed peace and harmony by attempting to enter the Jama Masjid at Jahangirpuri. Turned away by an angry lot of Muslim youth they returned with the police and again attempted desecration and attack.

NDTV also interviewed the neighbour of one of those arrested. “Ansar and family have been living here for 12 years and they’ve never indulged in any kind of violence. They have always helped us”: Kamlesh Gupta, main accused Ansar’s neighbour.

#JahagirpuriViolence | “Ansar and family have been living here for 12 years and they’ve never indulged in any kind of violence. They have always helped us”: Kamlesh Gupta, main accused Ansar’s neighbour pic.twitter.com/6yWbJtnxam

— NDTV (@ndtv) April 17, 2022

According to another report by NDTV, nine people were injured during the scuffle, including eight police officers and one civilian. Sub-inspector Medhalal Meena, one of the officers injured, reportedly suffered a gunshot wound to his hand.

The Wire reported resident of the area Salman Khan who said, “The mob with members of the Bajrang Dal went outside the mosque and tried to wave the saffron flag there. They were also dancing to loud music.” “The shopkeepers in the area tried to stop the mob,” Khan continued, “while a few women got involved and asked the mob to go away. This turned violent where a few people were injured.”

“But the Delhi police took the matter into their hands immediately and made the mob leave. The situation is peaceful at the moment,” he added. The incident reportedly involved stone-pelting from both sides and even gunshots fired from a country-made pistol. Some vehicles were reportedly set ablaze during the incident.

“Things escalated and both communities started pelting stones at each other. They damaged public property and torched some vehicles,” a senior police officer said.

The Wire  also reported that Ganesh, another local resident who was sitting with Khan said that the violence broke out primarily on the main road, where the procession was taking place. “There was a mob that tried to do something outside a mosque but the police stopped it immediately. The local shopkeeper outside the mosque tried to stop the mob, which turned into a clash. But that happened outside the road. The situation is peaceful now,” Ganesh said. 

A member of a fact-finding team consisting of members of the Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M) and civil society members told The Wire Shobha Yatra procession had began early on Saturday and had remained relatively peaceful. However, in the evening, at the time of iftar, the procession had refused to move beyond the mosque and allegedly brandished saffron flags and began yelling communal slurs at those at the mosques, sparking the row.

So far, 14 people have been arrested and police have said that additional suspect have been identified on the basis of CCTV footage and videos uploaded to social media.

A first information report (FIR) has been lodged in the matter under Indian Penal Code (IPC) Sections 147 and 148 (rioting and rioting armed with a deadly weapon); Section 149 (offences by an unlawful assembly in prosecution of a common goal); Section 186 (voluntarily obstructing a public servant in the discharge of their public functions); Section 353 (assaulting a public servant); Section 332 (voluntarily causing hurt to a public servant); Section 307 (attempt to murder) and more, as well as Section 27 of the Arms Act (punishment for using arms).

According to the FIR, the incident kicked off when one Mohammed Aslam (who is among those arrested) began arguing with the Hanuman Jayanti procession, after which stone-pelting, fighting and violence ensued. While it is being reported in the media that Aslam is 22 years of age, his birth certificate, provided to The Wire by his family, shows that he is merely 16.

According to the police, Aslam fired the bullet that injured sub-inspector Meena and a country-made pistol was confiscated from him. However, Aslam’s sister-in-law, while speaking to The Wire, alleged that Aslam was at home when the incident took place and refuted the allegations that he fired shots during the incident.

Moreover, she claimed that Aslam was not allowed even to get dressed when the police arrest him and that she was manhandled by the officers when they did so, saying that the family has suffered throughout the night of April 16.

As document accessed by The Wire on the medical examination performed on all accused, show that all 14 individuals who have been arrested are Muslim.

Heavy police deployment had been present in the area since Saturday night and personnel from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and the Rapid Action Force (RAF) have reportedly been deployed since Sunday morning to maintain peace and keep the situation under control.

Following the incident, Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal took to Twitter to call for peace in the region. Kejriwal has also reportedly been in contact with Delhi lieutenant governor (LG) Anil Baijal who said that all the necessary steps were being taken and that those guilty would “not be spared”, according to Dainik Jagran.

Spoke to Hon’ble LG. He assured that all steps are being taken to ensure peace and that guilty will not be spared. https://t.co/AMXEatbsub

— Arvind Kejriwal (@ArvindKejriwal) April 16, 2022

Appealing to the public not to pay heed to “rumours and fake news” on social media, Delhi police commissioner Rakesh Asthana also took to Twitter, saying that additional force has been deployed in Jahangirpuri as well as other “sensitive areas”.

In today’s incident in NW District, the situation is under control. Adequate additional force has been deployed in Jahangirpuri & other sensitive areas. Senior officers have been asked to remain in field and closely supervise the law & order situation & undertake patrolling. 1/2

— CP Delhi #DilKiPolice (@CPDelhi) April 16, 2022

Strict action will be taken against rioters.

Citizens are requested to not to pay heed to rumours and fake news on social media. (2/2)#Jahangirpuri

— CP Delhi #DilKiPolice (@CPDelhi) April 16, 2022

Meanwhile, Union home minister Amit Shah reportedly met with Asthana as well as the special police commission (law and order) to get updated on the situation and told them to take all action necessary.

Several Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders, including Manoj Tiwari and Kapil Mishra, have alleged that the incident was a “conspiracy”. Mishra even said that today’s incident was a ‘terror act’, according to a report by India TV. 

The Jahangirpuri incident has come on the back of a spate of recent bouts of targeted communal violence from across the country, the most recent of which are the dozen attacks all over the country reported after April 10.

Related:

Perversion of Ram Navmi procession is the latest tool of provocation & violence: Jharkand

Madhya Pradesh’s Home Minister blames Muslims for Ram Navami day violence, justifies mass demolitions

On whose orders did MP police demolish a Muslim daily wager’s home?

Communal confrontations mar Ram Navami celebrations in five states

The post Jahangirpuri Violence: 14 Arrested, all from the minority community, main accused a minor? appeared first on SabrangIndia.

As many as 857 out of 51,606 incidents of riots in 2020 were communal or religious in nature, said Home Affairs Minister of State Nityanand Rai on March 29, 2022 in answer to a question on riots and lynching.

Congress MP Shashi Tharoor and BJP MP Chandra Prakash Joshi on Tuesday asked the Ministry about the number of communal riots and lynching incidents in recent years, especially in Rajasthan. Accordingly, Rai referred to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data to state that there 857 communal riots in India out of which 3 such riots took place in Rajasthan. While this means that communal riots in the state have lessened, overall rioting is at 342 cases, at par with the 2017 record of 345 riots.

Similarly, national communal riots figures have returned to 2016 figures – 869 cases – after a dip to 438 cases in 2019. Riots in the previous years at the national level were around 46,000 cases but then jumped back to 51,606 incidents. It may be mentioned, this is the same year that the North-East Delhi riots took place in February.

When asked about government measures to address this issue, Rai said, “It is the intention of the Government to comprehensively review the existing Criminal Laws and make them relevant to the contemporary law and order situation as well as to provide speedy justice to the vulnerable sections of the society and create a legal structure which is citizen-centric.”

The Minister cited the related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs’ 2010 report that called for a comprehensive review of the criminal justice system of India. Earlier the Parliamentary Standing Committee in its 111th and 128th Reports also stressed upon the need to reform and rationalise the criminal law by introducing a comprehensive legislation rather than bringing about piece-meal amendments in respective Acts.

Related:

Delhi Violence: Court dismisses Gulfisha Fatima, Tasleem Ahmed’s bail pleas
State is deriving sadistic pleasure by extending custody period, its torture: Ishrat Jahan 
Delhi Violence: Ishrat Jahan granted bail in wider conspiracy case
2020 List of Honour: 10 Anti-CAA-NPR-NRC protesters vilified in Delhi 

The post 857 communal riots in 2020 alone! appeared first on SabrangIndia.

There were 20 communal riots, in which one person died, and 16 incidences of communally motivated mob lynching in the year 2021, according to the data monitored by Centre for Study of Society and Secularism (CSSS) using a limited methodology, viz., scanning five newspapers published from Mumbai – The Times of India, The Indian Express, The Hindu, Inquilab and Sahfat. This methodology is not very exhaustive but yet gives a significant peek into communal violence.

It is to be noted that the State has stopped publishing its reports on communal riots and mob lynching under the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) which reports substantially a greater number of communal riots. The actual number of riots and mob lynching might be several times than those reported in the newspapers scanned by the CSSS as is revealed from the statistics collected by the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) in the previous years. However, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India has stopped publishing the statistics regarding communal violence. The statistics pertaining to communal violence are revealed only as a reply to the starred question in the Parliament.

When we compare the number of communal riots and communally motivated mob lynchings in the year 2021 with those in the year 2020 as reported in the previously mentioned newspapers, we find that there is a decrease in the number of incidents of mob lynching – 16 in 2021 as against 23 in 2020. At the same time, there was an increase in the number of communal riots in the year 2021 to 20 from 10 communal riots in the year 2020. Even though the methodology followed by the CSSS in its monitoring of communal violence is not comprehensive given the limited resource, it does indicate the national trends. The CSSS also undertakes field visits to study the communal incidences and find out facts. While this increase in the number of communal riots is worrisome, the communal violence in 2021 ensures a steady, albeit slow, march towards realising a “Hindu raj” (Hindu state that enforces select authoritarian mode of culture, rituals and mythology of a section of Hindu elite) thereby undermining democracy and secularism.

The march towards Hindu raj is not only through physical violence through communal riots and incidences of mob lynching. The steady transformation of democracy in India to a Hindu raj is achieved through a triple strategy – 1) physical violence by non-state actors; 2) hate speeches and hate crimes that continuously reinforce and deepen communal identity popularising communal prejudices; and 3) creating a legal architecture and institutional structure that enable the executive arm of the State to privilege a section of Hindu elite and discriminate against others. All the three methods work in tandem and complement each other in demonising those whom the Hindutva political ideology considers as “foreign” communities and seek sanitization of the social space – of their sight, their memories and their heritage. Physical violence instils fear of those who belong to other communities, the fear of those belonging to other communities creates a conducive environment to internalise stereotypes and prejudices of the ‘other’ and communal prejudices prepares ground for a discriminatory and undemocratic legal architecture. Communal violence is a broader concept that encompasses all the three instruments – communal riots and mob lynching (physical violence), hate speeches; and legal instruments to persecute the so-called foreign communities. In this paper, we propose to examine all the three aspects of communal violence in the year 2021.

According to CSSS, communal violence is much broader than merely communal riots- it traces state action and ruling ideology leading to violent state laws and hate speeches. Thus, while communal violence includes physical violence in the forms of communal riots and mob lynching, it is not limited to this. Communal violence encompasses discriminatory laws and policies, domination of particular supremacist ideology promoting Hindu religion and related symbols in public spaces, hate speeches leading to construction and reinforcing of mega narratives and hate crimes based on religious identity. These aspects of communal violence appeared amplified in 2021. This report unravels these aspects which manifest themselves in heritage politics, hate speeches and discriminatory legal architecture. We will look into these in details in the sections below.

State promotion of Hindu iconography and heritage:

The State expenditure on the Hindu iconography has increased considerably. We cannot quantify the increase in expenditure as we have included for the first time this head for monitoring. Some numbers represent the budget allocated, while others represent the expenditure incurred as the event is over. The actual expenditure might be higher, as we have taken only from the newspaper reports.

Article 27 of the Indian Constitution states: “No person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds of which are specifically appropriated in payment of expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.” Article 27 ensures that the State maintains equidistance from all religious establishments and institutions, even though Article 25 gives all persons in India freedom of conscience and religion to profess, practice and propagate religion of their choice, subject, of course to certain limitations. It is principle of neutrality. The BJP always vehemently protested expenditure by the state on Haj subsidy and salaries to Madrasa teachers or imams and rightly so.

The tables below give the expenditure on religious festivals, religious events, temples, temple corridors, and welfare of temple priests and staff, pilgrimages sponsored by the state to Hindu temples. The expenditure statement also does not include the amount spent on travel and security of the Prime Minister, chief ministers or other state officials, expenditure on worship and other sundry expenditures. Not all taxpayers may agree to promotion of only one, or any religious institution. Therefore, such expenditures clearly seem to be in violation or Article 27 stated above.

Table – 1

Creation of infrastructure for tourism is one explanation given for this expenditure. This begs a question: Are there no non- Hindu heritage sites that would also qualify State expenditure?

Hindu Mythology

Yogi Adityanath, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, a state ruled by the BJP, has repeatedly and publicly justified promotion of Hindu culture. In one of his statements, he said that secularism was the biggest threat to India’s tradition getting global recognition. He has sworn to protect the Constitution of India and act without fear or favour in accordance with the Constitution, whose Preamble declares India to be a secular State.

While illustrating his efforts to make Ramayana popular at the global level, he said, “There are seven holy cities of Sapta Puri, which are considered as the holiest Hindu Teerths, out of these, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Kashi are within Uttar Pradesh. It is a matter of pride for us that a workshop has been organised by the Department of Culture in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs. It should be our endeavour to stage Ramleela all over the world.” (Indian Express, 2021)

The selection of heritage which is sought to be promoted points towards the bias of the government as to which heritage it considers as representing India.

Hindu temples

In the year 2021, massive amount of taxpayers’ money was allocated to sponsor building of Hindu temples or sites related to Hindu mythology. For instance, earlier in 2021, government of Uttar Pradesh passed a budget of 300 crores for the construction of Ram Janmabhoomi temple and access roads to the Ayodhya Dham. In December 2021, the Prime Minister of India himself inaugurated the massive Rs 900 crore Kashi Vishwanath Corridor in Varanasi and justified it by saying, “(It) will be a glorious reflection of the rich cultural and historical heritage of Kashi.” As per the state government sources, total Rs 451.90 crores were spent to purchase the surrounding properties and rehabilitating over 1,100 families (Bajpai, 2021).

In Puri, Odisha, the Puri Heritage Corridor is planned at a whooping cost of Rs. 800 crores. The project includes redeveloping major portions of the holy town and in the vicinity of the temple for visitors and tourists. Naveen Patnaik, CM of Odisha had also announced a Rs. 200 crore package for the development of Sambalpur’s Maa Samaleswari Temple scheduled to take place in February, 2022. In the 2021-22 Budget, his government announced an allocation of Rs. 742 crores for the development of Jagannath and Lingaraj Temple (Bhubaneswar). There have also been announcements of support for temples in Mayurbhanj and Kendrapara (Mohanty, 2021).

The Telangana government extended Dhoopa Deepa Naivedyam scheme to temples located in twin cities from the financial year 2021-22. In addition to this, the government has allocated Rs. 720 crores for the temple development, welfare of Archakas and temple staff in the state, which is Rs. 220 crores higher than the previous year’s allocation. According to the Endowment Department officials, over 7,000 temples in the city will benefit from this (Kartheek, 2021).

This is also indicated in the essay by Corinne Leferve which comments on the policies of heritage conservation and promotion in India from 2014 to 2018, by studying the Swadesh Darshan Scheme (SDS) and the Adopt a Heritage scheme (AAH). The essay describes how the non-Hindu heritage sites are ignored and maximum state funds are spent on Hindu heritage sites. Lefevre argues that Indian vestiges associated with Islamic and Christian cultures are marginalized in state-funded heritage conservation and promotion projects. He also illustrates the argument by giving relevant figures how promotion of one type of heritage is meant to crush, by virtue of its gigantism, the non-Hindu elements of India’s built landscape (Lefevre, 2020).

Expenditure on Festivals:

Table – 2: State expenditure on Hindu religious festivals and events

The state government of Karnataka incurred an expenditure of Rs. 5.42 crores for the festivities in Mysuru, Srirangapatna, Chamarajanagar and Arkalgud on the occasion of Dasara (The Hindu, 2021). In 2021, UP government organized grand ‘Deepotsav’ to celebrate Diwali. On the occasion of Deepotsav, out of 12 lakh diyas, 9,51,000 earthen lamps were lit on the bank of the river Saryu in Ayodhya while 50,000 diyas were lit at the site of the Ram temple and the rest were lit in other temples across the state. Additionally, laser show, 3D holographic show and fireworks were also organised. During his speech at the Deepotsav, CM Yogi Adityanath said, “This is the fifth Deepotsav of Ayodhya. There was no discussion of Deepotsav in the city before five years but our government came and decided that if we want to bring “Ram Rajya” then we will have to organize events like this.” (NDTV, 2021)

Boost to Hindu Pilgrimage

For the creation of Hindu Rashtra, the right-wing insists on the unity of all Hindus by constructing a common enemy. Thus, attempts are consistently made to co-opt Adivasis into the Hindu fold. They are made to believe that they are actually Hindus and their gods too are from the Hindu pantheon. This ideology reflected in the policy of Gujarat state. State Tourism Minister Purnesh Modi in the state of Gujarat announced that a financial aid of Rs 5,000 will be given to each tribal who undertakes the pilgrimage to ‘Ram Janmabhoomi’ in Ayodhya. He added that the financial aid is in line with similar assistance doled out for the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, Sindhu Darshan and Shravan Tirth Yatra (Dhar, 2021).

Similarly, the Union Ministry of Finance sanctioned Rs. 325 crores to the Uttarakhand government for Kumbh Mela 2021which took place at the peak of the second wave of Covid 19 in India. Ironically, the When asked about the feasibility of holding the Kumbh Mela even as the Covid-19 pandemic was raging across India claiming a large number of lives, Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, Tirath Singh Rawat, said, “I invite all devotees across the world to come to Haridwar and take a holy dip in the Ganga during Mahakumbh. Nobody will be stopped in the name of Covid-19 as we are sure the faith in God will overcome the fear of the virus.”

Keeping the above scenario in mind, one can’t help but juxtapose this policy with the one related to Kanwar yatra which have also become procession marked by intense violence. It would help to recall the state preparations for the Kanwar yatra over the recent years. In 2019 alone, around 8,000 security personnel, including Rapid Action Force (RAF), Border Security Force (BSF), and Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) units, snipers (as per the pattern followed during the Kumbh Mela), drones and helicopters for aerial surveillance were deployed by the Yogi Adityanath administration in UP. Rose petals were showered from the helicopters on four crore devotees who were crossing the 130-km Delhi-Haridwar highway in the state. The expenditure on the flower petals was Rs. 20 lakhs and Rs. 17 lakhs were spent on the helicopters (Lakhani, Sharma, & Bhatnagar, 2019). Incidentally, in 2018 too, the UP government spent over Rs. 14 lakhs to hire a chopper to shower flower petals on the devotees (Sharma, 2018). In 2021, during the Covid second wave, the UP government earlier allowed the Kanwar yatra to take place despite other states not opening their borders and banning the yatra. However, later it was called off by the state government after the Supreme Court ordered to cancel the yatra warning it could give rise to a spike in the Covid-19 cases.

Public Expenditure on other Hindu symbols

The UP government has announced that it will start an ambulance service exclusively for cows across the state with 515 ambulances. The Yogi Adityanath government of Uttar Pradesh spends crores of rupees annually on the maintenance of cow shelters in the state. The Yogi Adityanath administration had allocated Rs. 647 crores in for the maintenance of cow shelters in the state (Times of India, 2021). Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said, “A change has been noticed in Uttar Pradesh. Earlier, state funds were spent on boundaries of kabristan, today the money is spent on redevelopment and beautification of temples,” hinting at how public spaces are being turned into arenas of competitive communalism (Verma, 2021).  

Related:

Communal Riots in 2020

Locating the Role of State and Changing Nature of Violence

India: The new Lynchdom

What caused the Anti-Muslim Riots in Sri Lanka

Ayodhya Dispute: Supremacy of Constitution or Faith?

The post Communal Violence in 2021 appeared first on SabrangIndia.