Florida | SabrangIndia News Related to Human Rights Mon, 21 May 2018 06:22:11 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.2.2 https://sabrangindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Favicon_0.png Florida | SabrangIndia 32 32 5 things to know about mass shootings in America https://sabrangindia.in/5-things-know-about-mass-shootings-america/ Mon, 21 May 2018 06:22:11 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2018/05/21/5-things-know-about-mass-shootings-america/ At least 10 students were killed at a Santa Fe, Texas high school on May 18 after a classmate opened fire with a shotgun and a .38 revolver. Outside Santa Fe High School in Texas on May 18, 2018. AP Photo/David J. Phillip The shooting came just three months after another teen shooter killed 17 […]

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At least 10 students were killed at a Santa Fe, Texas high school on May 18 after a classmate opened fire with a shotgun and a .38 revolver.

US Shooting
Outside Santa Fe High School in Texas on May 18, 2018. AP Photo/David J. Phillip

The shooting came just three months after another teen shooter killed 17 in Parkland, Florida, sparking nationwide youth-led protests over gun violence – and a familiar debate over what changes could really make a difference.

As a criminologist, I often hear misconceptions creeping into the debate that springs up whenever a mass shooting occurs.

Here’s what the research actually shows.
 

#1: More guns don’t make you safer

A study I conducted on mass shootings indicated that this phenomenon is not limited to the United States.

Mass shootings also took place in 25 other wealthy nations between 1983 and 2013, but the number of mass shootings in the United States far surpasses that of any other country included in the study during the same period of time.

The U.S. had 78 mass shootings during that 30-year period.

The highest number of mass shootings experienced outside the United States was in Germany – where seven shootings occurred.

In the other 24 industrialized countries taken together, 41 mass shootings took place.

In other words, the U.S. had nearly double the number of mass shootings than all other 24 countries combined in the same 30-year period.

Another significant finding is that mass shootings and gun ownership rates are highly correlated. The higher the gun ownership rate, the more a country is susceptible to experiencing mass shooting incidents. This association remains high even when the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.

Similar results have been found by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, which states that countries with higher levels of firearm ownership also have higher firearm homicide rates.

My study also shows a strong correlation between mass shooting casualties and overall death by firearms rates. However, in this last analysis, the relation seems to be mainly driven by the very high number of deaths by firearms in the United States. The relation disappears when the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.
 

#2: Mass shootings are more frequent

A recent study published by the Harvard Injury Control Research Center shows that the frequency of mass shooting is increasing over time. The researchers measured the increase by calculating the time between the occurrence of mass shootings. According to the research, the days separating mass shooting occurrence went from on average 200 days during the period of 1983 to 2011 to 64 days since 2011.

What is most alarming with mass shootings is the fact that this increasing trend is moving in the opposite direction of overall intentional homicide rates in the U.S., which decreased by almost 50 percent since 1993 and in Europe where intentional homicides decreased by 40 percent between 2003 and 2013.
 

#3: Restricting sales works


Police secure the area near a mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif., Dec. 2, 2015. Mario Anzuoni/REUTERS

Thanks to the Second Amendment, the United States has permissive gun licensing laws. This is in contrast to most developed countries, which have restrictive laws.

According to a seminal work by criminologists George Newton and Franklin Zimring, permissive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which everyone except specially prohibited groups of persons can purchase a firearm. In such a system, an individual does not have to justify purchasing a weapon; rather, the licensing authority has the burden of proof to deny gun acquisition.

By contrast, restrictive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which individuals who want to purchase firearms must demonstrate to a licensing authority that they have valid reasons to get a gun – like using it on a shooting range or going hunting – and that they demonstrate “good character .”

The differences between these type of gun laws have important impacts. Countries with more restrictive gun licensing laws show fewer deaths by firearms and a lower gun ownership rate.
 

#4: Background checks work

In most of the restrictive background checks performed in developed countries like Canada and Australia, citizens are required to train for gun handling, obtain a license for hunting or provide proof of membership to a shooting range.

Individuals must prove that they do not belong to any “prohibited group,” such as the mentally ill, criminals, children or those at high risk of committing violent crime, such as individuals with a police record of threatening the life of another.

Here’s the bottom line. With these provisions, most U.S. active shooters would have been denied the purchase of a firearm.
 

#5: Most mass shootings are not terrorism

Journalists sometimes describe mass shooting as a form of domestic terrorism. This connection may be misleading.

There is no doubt that mass shootings are “terrifying” and “terrorize” the community where they have happened. However, not all active shooters involved in mass shooting have a political message or cause.

For example, the church shooting in Charleston, South Carolina, in June 2015 was a hate crime but was not judged by the federal government to be a terrorist act.

The majority of active shooters are linked to mental health issues, bullying and disgruntled employees. Active shooters may be motivated by a variety of personal or political motivations, usually not aimed at weakening government legitimacy. Frequent motivations are revenge or a quest for power.

Editor’s note: This piece was updated on May 18, 2018 and Oct. 2, 2017. It was originally published on Dec. 3, 2015.
 

Frederic Lemieux, Professor of the Practice and Faculty Director of the Master’s in Applied Intelligence, Georgetown University

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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Orlando massacre: The shooter was an American https://sabrangindia.in/orlando-massacre-shooter-was-american/ Thu, 16 Jun 2016 05:40:24 +0000 http://localhost/sabrangv4/2016/06/16/orlando-massacre-shooter-was-american/ Photo credit: ABC News As shocking as they are, mass shootings have become as 'American as apple pie'. Rather than looking for external reasons behind Florida shooter's behaviour, the country needs to do some deep soul-searching. In the early hours of Sunday morning, a young acquaintance through my inner circle of friends was shot and […]

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Photo credit: ABC News

As shocking as they are, mass shootings have become as 'American as apple pie'. Rather than looking for external reasons behind Florida shooter's behaviour, the country needs to do some deep soul-searching.

In the early hours of Sunday morning, a young acquaintance through my inner circle of friends was shot and killed in Orlando. He was 32 years old. I saw his mother crying on TV. I am incandescent with rage and overcome with grief. 
 

I have never held a gun in my life and I probably never will. I do not feel as though I'm missing out on anything. No civilian needs an assault rifle. Period.

The shooter was not a ‘US citizen of Afghan descent’ as the press describes him. It’s a passable description on a technical level, but it is not a fundamentally true one. He was a Floridian and an American. The town in which he was born, New York City, is as American as apple pie. The Florida town in which he was raised is as American as apple pie. The assault weapon that he used to kill those people is as American as apple pie.

We have to acknowledge this. We have to look in the mirror and admit that we have a problem and we have to fix our problem. 

The men who drafted the US Constitution understood that, like all functioning constitutions in the world, it would need to be a dynamic document. The founders were also men who, naturally, made mistakes with that document; mistakes like enshrining slavery into the original version. It took a bloody civil war to fix that mistake. But laws are made by us: flawed, mortal, human beings. And that is why they are in need of constant study, revision and change.

The men who advocated the right to bear arms in 1791 could not possibly have imagined the weapons that are available to us in 2016. They simply didn't have to weigh the moral possibility of one man walking into a room and being able to massacre 49 others and injure scores more. The Second Amendment has evolved into a national suicide note. It needs to be re-examined and repealed.

I am sad because I know that this won't happen. 

If ever I expected our problem to be fixed, it was in the aftermath of the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, when a young man killed 20 six and seven-year olds and six adults. But even the senseless slaughter of those people did not deter most members of one of our major political parties, the Republicans, and a good number in the other – the Democrats – from continuing to indiscriminately advocate the availability of weapons of war to the general population. 

The Republicans are no longer a political party. They have grown into a cancer that infects the body-politic of this nation. They have failed at the most basic task of governance – which is to protect their citizens. Instead they have invested in creating an environment that is the result of an unholy combination of guns and hate.

The Republicans are no longer a political party. They have grown into a cancer that infects the body-politic of this nation. They have failed at the most basic task of governance – which is to protect their citizens. Instead they have invested in creating an environment that is the result of an unholy combination of guns and hate.

Former Republican presidential candidate Marco Rubio called the shooter an “animal”. This is the same junior senator who has voted consistently against every gun safety measure, meaning the shooter was able to walk into Walmart and buy a semi-automatic weapon. The presumptive nominee of the Republican Party, Donald Trump, also has no right to condemn this attack or say anything about it after committing time and again to actively undo any progress that gay people in this country have made towards equality, like attacking same-sex marriage.

One of the most confusing statements came from Orlando’s Mayor Buddy Dyer: “Today we’re dealing with something that we never imagined and is unimaginable”. There is hardly a phenomenon in the United States of America that is as tragically predictable. Senator Chris Murphy, who represents the community of Newtown, Connecticut where the Sandy Hook shooting took place recently attacked lawmakers’ inaction on gun control and referred to the “phenomenon of near constant mass shootings” in America. It has become a part of daily life.

The sad thing is that, in all statistical likelihood, this will happen again tomorrow. 

I know from my experiences in north Florida that the environment that the people at Pulse nightclub lived in. They grew up in one of the most parochial and often bigoted parts of the United States. People push them around, bully them and hurt them – even kill them. Then they go to the one big space in Orlando where they are supposed to feel safe and free to express themselves. And this happens. Their sense of security is violated.

Maybe the gun laws won't change. Maybe they can't. But I have one plea: don't let the politicians who have been preaching against the gay community hijack this for their political gain. They are part of the problem. 

Many publications have been referring to him as an ‘American terrorist’. The rest should follow suit and our politicians also need to call it like it is. Pretending that Omar Mateen was not an American is not going to help us solve the problem.

When I looked at pictures of the shooter he looked like something out of reality TV show Jersey Shore. A selfie-taking homophobic bully who seemed as insecure, thin-skinned and immature as so many young angry Americans are today. He may have been infatuated by ‘romantic’ notions of some terrorist group abroad. But he was an American. He was ‘one of us’: a symptom of our problem. Watering this down doesn't work. Many publications have been referring to him as an ‘American terrorist’. The rest should follow suit and our politicians also need to call it like it is. Pretending that Omar Mateen was not an American is not going to help us solve the problem, nor insist that all criminals like him are held as accountable to American laws as the rest of the country. The rhetoric of denial about the idea of a homegrown American terrorist reminds me of President Reagan’s statement: “I didn't have cancer. I had something inside me that had cancer and it was removed”. Denial doesn't help. It just makes the disease harder to recognize and more difficult to cure.

My friend and colleague David Ignatius recently wrote of Donald Trump: “He rightly said Monday that Muslims need to work with law enforcement to report dangerous people. But he doesn't seem to understand that his many months of Muslim-bashing comments have made that cooperation harder. He has been tossing matches into a pool of gasoline. Good law enforcement and, yes, cooperation from Muslims have helped prevent more attacks like those in San Bernardino and Orlando.

It's breathtaking that a serious presidential candidate would call on a sitting president to resign following a terrorist attack, because ‘He doesn't get it or he gets it better than anybody understands.’ What's that supposed to mean, if not a slur against Obama's loyalty?

You don't have to look far in the United States to find law-abiding American Muslims.

Trump displays a level of irresponsibility that should worry Americans, not just because his statements are immoral and unconstitutional, but because they put the country at greater risk.”

There is much wisdom to David’s analysis but you don't have to look far in the United States to find law-abiding American Muslims. You will find them in communities throughout America, working for the nation on Capitol Hill, fighting and dying for their country in the US Armed Forces and leading American culture, commerce and diplomacy. And if you had looked you would have found what remained of countless innocent American Muslims in the rubble of the Twin Towers where they perished on 9/11 together with their fellow Americans on a fateful day that they, like all the other innocent victims, thought was just going to be a regular workday at the office.

So no, it is not only American Muslims that have to cooperate with law enforcement. All Americans are obliged to live by the law of the land. Even Donald Trump has to abide by the law and show some respect for the Constitution from time to time. And with all due respect to my colleague, Trump understands what he is doing when he incites divisiveness in a nation that is as diverse as the United States of America. He is not stupid. From Chicago, Illinois to Birmingham, Alabama he has deliberately incited violence and proven that he is calculating rather than stupid. That is much, much worse.

I know that introspection and challenging this country's own ‘party of hate’ is harder than looking for external reasons for the shooter’s behavior. But it's important that we do this. I believe that America is strong enough to withstand deep soul-searching and come out stronger. But I do not believe that any mother should ever be expected to withstand the loss of her son to such senseless violence.

I send healing to the families of the victims today. I've cried but not as much as they have and will. But I also fully realise that my prayers and tears and Senate’s ‘moments of silence’ will not stitch the life back into the mother who wants her little boy back: the mother who in tearful confusion pleaded on TV for the return of her son during those long early hours when he was still unaccounted for. In those hours, my friends and I wondered if he was still alive. We made calls in the dark night holding onto hope for a faint distant light. And when the inevitable confirmation came, it hit us like a sledgehammer despite the fact that we all knew deep inside it was coming. I hope that we one day reach a point in this country where parents will never have to hand presidential candidates pictures of their children who have been shot and killed in the most senseless, incomprehensible and insurmountably tragic way possible. 

This article was first published on Open Democracy.

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