The brutal killing of Idrees Pasha on the night of March 31 was preceded by inept prevention by local police, subsequent to the killing attackers were not apprehended even though police personnel witnessed assault and saw accused including Puneeth Kerejhalli using social media to broadcast the crimes; overall investigations faulty and weak, says the Fact Finding Report into the Murder of Idrees Pasha in Sathanuru, Ramnagar, Karnataka. The family was not even provided a copy of the post mortem report.  Kerehalli and other accused were initially booked on charges of murder, assault, criminal intimidation, wrongful restraint and intentional insult to provoke breach of peace. All accused are known to be associated with Rashtra Rakshana Pade, founded by Kerehalli.

The fact-finding team comprised of advocate Sivamanithan, Siddharth K J, Dr. Sylvia Karpagam, Khasim Shoaib Qureshi and members of All India Jamaithul Quresh (Karnataka). The report, Fact Finding Report into the Murder of Idrees Pasha in Sathanuru, Ramnagar, Karnataka was released on May 25.

This report, apart from making strong recommendations for compensation, fair investigation and legal action, makes a specific recommendation for the repeal of the K’taka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020.

The 2020 Act, enacted along the lines of similar laws in several north Indian states (like Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat) not only prohibits slaughter of cattle (defined as cow, calf of a cow and bull, bullock of all ages and he or she buffalo below the age of thirteen years) but also prohibits transport of cattle for slaughter. But since transportation of cattle is an activity which precedes any probable act of slaughter, determination of intended purpose of transport poses inherent difficulties, for it to be sustainable in law. The 2020 Act gets around this problem by defining a category of transport of cattle for ‘agricultural or animal husbandry purpose’ and imposing onerous procedural and documentary obligations on the transporters of cattle to prove that intended purpose of the transport falls within this category.

Every other instance of cattle transport is prohibited and is punishable with imprisonment of a minimum of 3 years. This means that a farmer with sick cattle requiring urgent medical attention has to go looking for the government Veterinary Officer for issuance of transport documents, and in case she is unable to do that, the farmer has to let the cattle die or risk going to jail for a minimum of 3 years! For example, if a farmer buys cattle from another farmer of a neighboring village and wants to transport it to his own village, falling in the same Gram Panchayath, to be able to do legally, s/he needs to go to the Veterinary Officer to get required documents. Thus the 2020 Act and the Rules made under it, make day-to-day cattle transactions prohibitively difficult and risky.

Although, the consumption, sale or possession of beef has not been prohibited, there has been instances where the Act has been invoked against those found in possession of beef or selling beef for suspicion of having violated the law (see Annexure for examples of such cases). The enactment of the 2020 Act has been accompanied by renewed moral legitimacy and impunity for weapon-wielding goons patrolling highways and lurking at corners, ready to pounce on cattle-carrying vehicles.

Details of this case

In this case too, Puneeth Kerehalli, a repeat offender,  and his men followed them in their own vehicle and stopped them after another 100-200 meters, brandishing sticks and cricket wickets in their hands. At this point, all three occupants of the vehicle tried to run away from their attackers.  Irfan who was sitting next to the left door of the vehicle ran first, and was followed by  Idrees Pasha. They were chased by their attackers, while both of them ran in the dark to save their lives. While Irfan was able to evade the attackers, the attackers were able to get hold of Mr. Idrees Pasha and he was brutally attacked. The exterior marks on his fingers indicate possible use of electrical shock to assault him.

Meanwhile, the driver,  Zaheer, was able to hide from the attackers. When he couldn’t hear any noises in the vicinity, he came out and was immediately grabbed by the attackers, who started beating him mercilessly. Around this time a Police Constable from Sathanuru PS who was withdrawing money from a nearby ATM, arrived at the spot and took one of the attackers and . Zaheer to the police station with him on his two-wheeler. The other attackers were heard saying that they are going back to search for remaining occupants of the vehicle. From the sequence of events described by the persons and officials interviewed by the team, it becomes clear that no attempt was made by the police personnel of Sathanuru PS to either restrain or apprehend the remaining attackers. In fact, the attackers went live on Facebook from police premises. It is also clear that no attempt was made by the police personnel to search for and protect the other two victims. The dead body of Mr. Idrees Pasha was found around 500 meters from the Police Station in the morning by residents of the area.

The first FIR (CR 0052/2023 at 1:00 am on 01-04-2023) that is filed in context of the incident is not against the attackers who have brazenly taken law in their hands just 500 meters outside the police station, but against the victims of the attack. The second FIR (CR 0053/2023 at 5:30 am on 01-04-2023) was filed against the attackers after 4.5 hours of the first FIR by which time the attackers have been allowed to leave the police station. By the time the dead body of

Idrees Pasha was discovered in the early hours of the day, his attackers had fled from the reach of the police. The third FIR (CR 0054/2023 at 16:00 pm on 01-04-2023) was filed late in the evening based on the complaint by Idrees Pasha’s brother. The sequence of the FIRs filed in the case indicate that the police prioritized the complaint of the attackers over the assault which one of the police personnel had witnessed first-hand.

When these troubling questions were placed before the Superintendent of Police (Ramanagara), the explanation provided was that there were very few police personnel (three) at the police station and they did the best they could in the given circumstances and with the available information and resources, and also that “one shouldn’t try to do a post mortem of the events with the advantage of hindsight”. The Superintendent of Police (Ramanagara) was emphatic in his assertion that no citizen is allowed to take the law in their hands and if they observe any crime being committed, it is their duty to bring this to the notice of the police, but in no circumstance can they take law into their hands. If that be the case, why then did the Sathanuru police not apprehend the attackers in the police station immediately? This would have probably saved Idrees Pasha’s life or at least ensured he reached a hospital on time. 

Background

On April 1 2023, newspapers reported on an incident of assault on 30th March 2023. by a group of self-appointed “cow vigilantes” led by Mr. Puneeth Kerehalli and other members of Rashtra Rakshana Pade on a group of three cattle traders in Sathanuru village, Kanakapura taluka, Ramanagara district. The attack led to the death of Mr. Idrees Pasha and injuries to his other two companions/associates, all residents of Mandya.

Subsequently, the fact-finding team spoke to the Circle Inspector (Kanakapura) who is the Investigating Officer in the cases and the Superintendent of Police (Ramanagara district). Names of some of the persons interviewed by team are not being disclosed to ensure their safety. Based on the statements of these individuals and officials, an account of the events that transpired on the intervening night between March 31 and April 1, 2023 at Sathanuru has been provided in the report, along with key observations and recommendations of the fact-finding team.

Background

It is important to note that the Sathanuru incident was not the first instance of a group of self-appointed ‘cow- vigilantes’ taking the law into their hands by illegally restraining cattle-transporting vehicles along transport routes and then physically assaulting the occupants of the vehicle. There is an uptick in such instances of violence after the BJP government in Karnataka enacted the Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020 (hereafter, the 2020 Act).

An Annexure to the Report  provides an illustrative list of such incidents in the state. In fact, as we (Table reproduced below) were informed by the Superintendent of Police (Ramanagara), there are at least 11 such criminal cases only against Puneeth Kerehalli, the accused in the murder of Idrees Pasha.

Annexure: Illustrative List of Incidents of Violence after Passage of Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020 (Act 1 of 2021)

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Idrees Pasha Lynching in Sathanuru, Karnataka: Lapses in prevention of crime, nabbing accused, weak investigation

Karnataka’s Shame: Cattle trader, a Muslim, beaten to death by cow vigilantes

K’taka: Bail to cow vigilante, Puneeth Kerehalli, accused of killing Muslim man

Cow vigilantism continues with impunity in northern states of India

Under the guise of cow protection: reports of assault, illegal restraint against Muslims

The post Why the K’taka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020 must be repealed: Idrees Pasha murder appeared first on SabrangIndia.

An independent impartial investigation, Rs 10 lakh in compensation to the deceased’s family, providing family with the post mortem report and strict action against errant and complicit police officers has been recommended in the report.

Idrees Pasha, 38, was found dead on a roadside in Sathanur village of Ramanagara district, about 150km from Bangalore.  The police said a group of five vigilantes had allegedly stopped Pasha’s truck full of cattle in Sathanur and brutally assaulted its three occupants. Syed Zaheer, one of Pasha’s two companions who survived the reported attack, told the media that the vigilantes refused to let the truck go even after Pasha told them he had papers to prove he had, legitimately, bought the animals at a cattle market. He also said the assailants asked the trio to “go to Pakistan”. The shocking discovery of Pasha’s body led to local people blocking the road and demanding immediate arrests.

The lead-up to the recently held Karnataka state assembly elections has been spotted with hate crimes, where attacks on religious minorities, especially Muslims and even Dalits and Christians have taken place. On the night of March 31, reports had stated how just before 12:00 pm midnight, a vehicle driven by one Zaheer Pasha who was accompanied by Irfan and Mr.

Idrees Pasha and carrying 16 animals, was stopped by five persons including Mr. Puneeth Kerehalli near the Santhemala Circle in Sathanuru village, extortion bids were made and then one of the three Idrees Pasha was brutally killed. The Karnataka High Court has granted conditional bail to cow vigilante murder accused Puneeth Kerehalli and four others who were arrested in connection with the murder of a Muslim man on April 18. They had been refused bail by the trial court after the public outcry that led to their arrest on April 5 on charges of murder of a Muslim man on suspicion of cow theft, in Karnataka’s Ramanagara district.

Kerehalli and other accused were initially booked on charges of murder, assault, criminal intimidation, wrongful restraint and intentional insult to provoke breach of peace. All accused are known to be associated with Rashtra Rakshana Pade, founded by Kerehalli.

The fact-finding team comprised of advocate Sivamanithan, Siddharth K J, Dr. Sylvia Karpagam, Khasim Shoaib Qureshi and members of All India Jamaithul Quresh (Karnataka). The report, Fact Finding Report into the Murder of Idrees Pasha in Sathanuru, Ramnagar, Karnataka was released on May 25.

Witness Accounts

According to oral statements made by witnesses to the fact-finding team, Puneeth, Kerehalli and his associates were armed with sticks and cricket wickets. The attackers were parked there in anticipation of vehicles carrying animals and this is not the first time they have indulged in these activities. This location is not more than 600 meters from Sathanuru Police Station. We were informed by the Superintendent of Police (Ramanagara) that on that night there were only 3police personnel on duty. A patrol vehicle which had gone on rounds earlier had not spotted the vehicle of Puneeth Kerehalli.

After stopping the vehicle, Mr. Puneeth Kerehalli alleged that the vehicle was transporting stolen animals. But when the driver denied this stating that they had receipts issued by the RMC Yard from where they had bought the animals, Puneeth Kerehalli asked them to call the owner of the cattle and send Rs 2 lakhs. Mr. Idrees Pasha refused to comply with such demands and asked the driver,  Zaheer Pasha to drive ahead. The vehicle took a right turn towards the road passing through the Police Station.

What emerges from above statements and facts is that a group of anti-social elements have brazenly taken law in their hands, for the alleged purpose of extorting money and targeted attacks on Muslim community. They physically assaulted three citizens at a very close distance from the police station without any fear of the police. But the police instead of immediately apprehending the attackers, has allowed them to go in search of the other victims. Even when one of the police personnel at the Police station had seen the assault himself, the attackers were not apprehended even as they filmed themselves outside the police station. Based on the statements collected by the Fact-finding team, we would like to bring the following observations to your notice:-

The fact that anti-social elements felt emboldened enough to stop vehicles and extort money at such close distance from police station and the fact that the police didn’t prioritize the safety and security of the victims’ points towards the impunity enjoyed by them. If the police had immediately apprehended all the attackers and had urgently searched for the victims, it is possible that the life of Mr. Idrees Pasha could have been saved. The fact that Puneeth Kerehalli and his group has been involved in several cases of violence before this incident shows that ineffectiveness of the police in deterring such repeat offenders.

Despite the allegations of attempt to extort money by the accused, the third FIR (CR 0054/2023) doesn’t invoke relevant provisions of Indian Penal Code.

We were informed that the police personnel had taken signatures of the surviving victims on plain white sheets.

The team was also informed that the surviving victims, who are also eye- witnesses to the attacks, have not be involved in the spot inspection at the site of the crime nor the police made any efforts to take the eye witnesses to before the Hon’ble Magistrate for their statement under section 164 CrPC.

A copy of the Post mortem Report has not been shared with the family of the deceased.

Observations in Report

The fact that anti-social elements felt emboldened enough to stop vehicles and extort money at such close distance from police station and the fact that the police didn’t prioritize the safety and security of the victims’ points towards the impunity enjoyed by them. If the police had immediately apprehended all the attackers and had urgently searched for the victims, it is possible that the life of Mr. Idrees Pasha could have been saved. The fact that Puneeth Kerehalli and his group has been involved in several cases of violence before this incident shows that ineffectiveness of the police in deterring such repeat offenders.

Despite the allegations of attempt to extort money by the accused, the third FIR (CR 0054/2023) doesn’t invoke relevant provisions of Indian Penal Code.

The team were informed that the police personnel had taken signatures of the surviving victims on plain white sheets.

The team were also informed that the surviving victims, who are also eye- witnesses to the attacks, have not be involved in the spot inspection at the site of the crime nor the police made any efforts to take the eye witnesses to before the Hon’ble Magistrate for their statement under section 164 CrPC.

A copy of the Post mortem Report has not been shared with the family of the deceased.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the above facts and the observations, we would like to make the following recommendations:-

To the Police Department
1: INVESTIGATION

Ensure that a thorough impartial and independent investigation is carried out in the incident.

2: COMPENSATION

A compensation of Rs 10 lakhs should be provided to the family of Mr. Idrees Pasha.

3: POST MORTEM REPORT

Make a copy of the Post mortem report available to the family of the deceased immediately.

4: DIRECTIONS TO POLICE STATIONS

Issue direction to all Police Stations to apprehend such anti- social elements who are taking law in their own hands.

5: RECORDING OF STATEMENT

Record the statements of the eye witnesses under section 164 CrPC immediately.

6: DEPARTMENTAL INQUIRY

Institute a departmental inquiry into the lapses by the police personnel in this incident.

7: SUO MOTO REGISTRATION OF FIRs

The Police should take cognizance of videos depicting threats or acts of violence and/or torture or when they come to light and register suo moto FIRs.

Methodology

8: PREVENTIVE STEPS

Ensure strict compliance with the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Tehseen Poonawalla vs Union of India [AIR 2018 SC 3354] to ensure that preventive, remedial and punitive measures are taken to being an end to hate crimes. This includes among others – appointing nodal officers in each district to prevent such incidents, registration of an FIR without delay, preventing harassment of family members of victims, ensuring cases of mob violence are tried by Fast Track Courts on day-to-day basis, bringing out a victim compensation scheme, and holding police officials who fail their duties in preventing the violence accountable

9: REPEAL THE ACT

In view of the disruption to livelihoods caused by the Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020, repeal the Act immediately.

The Report may be read here:

Related:

Karnataka’s Shame: Cattle trader, a Muslim, beaten to death by cow vigilantes

K’taka: Bail to cow vigilante, Puneeth Kerehalli, accused of killing Muslim man

Cow vigilantism continues with impunity in northern states of India

Under the guise of cow protection: reports of assault, illegal restraint against Muslims

Worsening Spiral of Communal Hate: State’s role in rising violence against minorities

The threat and lawlessness of “Gau-Rakshaks” in North India

Muslim truck driver allegedly attacked by cow vigilantes in Palwal, Haryana

The post Idrees Pasha Lynching in Sathanuru, Karnataka: Lapses in prevention of crime, nabbing accused, weak investigation appeared first on SabrangIndia.

Kerehalli and other accused were booked on charges of murder, assault, criminal intimidation, wrongful restraint and intentional insult to provoke breach of peace. All accused are known to be associated with Rashtra Rakshana Pade, founded by Kerehalli.

Background

The alleged murder took place on March 31 when Indrees Pasha (deceased was travelling with his two associates Syed Zaheer and Irfan from Mandya to their village. Pasha, 38, was found dead on a roadside in Sathanur village of Ramanagara district, about 150km from Bangalore.

The police said a group of five vigilantes had allegedly stopped Pasha’s truck full of cattle  in Sathanur and brutally assaulted its three occupants. Syed Zaheer, one of Pasha’s two companions who survived the reported attack, told the media that the vigilantes refused to let the truck go even after Pasha told them he had papers to prove he had, legitimately, bought the animals at a cattle market. He also said the assailants asked the trio to “go to Pakistan”.

The shocking discovery of Pasha’s body led to local people blocking the road and demanding immediate arrests.

At the end of February 2023, the BJP state animal husbandry minister Prabhu Chavan had declared: “This election is a battle between cow protectors and cow slaughterers…. The Congress and its leaders are more interested in slaughtering our cows and culture.”

The FIR, reportedly, indicates that Pasha possessed valid documentation confirming the legality of the cattle he was transporting from the local market. Kerehalli and his associates allegedly continued to intimidate Pasha and his associates, demanding a ransom of Rs 2 lakh for his release, while issuing threats to his life, reported Varatha Bharati.

Speaking to The Quint, Shamsuddin, a 55-year-old tractor mechanic and Pasha’s uncle, said, “I, along with the rest of the family, saw his body. Electric shocks were given on his arms, on his neck. They hit his jaw with a bat, his head was also damaged. We got his body after post mortem for burial. When we were trying to clean the body with water, his skin was coming off.”

The law

The Karnataka Prevention of Cow Slaughter and Cattle Preservation, 1964 law prohibited the slaughter of cows, she buffaloes and calves of both species and either gender. The new law, however, bans the slaughter of oxen and bulls as well, while allowing the slaughter of buffaloes of both genders if certified as at least 15 years old.

This new law also prescribes jail terms of three to seven years and a fine of Rs 50,000 to Rs 5 lakh, or both, for a first offence, and jail terms of up to seven years and a fine between Rs 1 lakh and Rs 10 lakh, or both, for any subsequent offence. The now-repealed old law prescribed jail terms of up to six months, a fine of up to Rs 1,000, or both.

The Congress, then in opposition, had promised to repeal the new law if elected to power.

Related:

Karnataka’s Shame: Cattle trader, a Muslim, beaten to death by cow vigilantes

Images in Contrast: Bloodied body of 38 year-old Idrees Pasha, a beaming Abdul Rashid

Cow vigilantism continues with impunity in northern states of India

Under the guise of cow protection: reports of assault, illegal restraint against Muslims

The post K’taka: Bail to cow vigilante, Puneeth Kerehalli, accused of killing Muslim man appeared first on SabrangIndia.

The blurred, bloodied and barely recognisable body of 38 year old Idrees Pasha sprung on to the country’s consciousness three days after his brute murder, lynch death committed by Hindutva serial hate offender Puneeth Kerehalli in the Sathanur police station area of Ramanagara district of Karnataka, on April 3, 2023.

Three days later, cameras zoomed in on another Muslim from the state, elderly Shah Rasheed Ahmed Quadri, an expert craftsman of the Bidri craft of northern Karnataka being awarded the Padma Shree. Rasheed, overwhelmed, said, on the occasion where luminaries of the union government and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) were visible, that “he never expected prime minister, Modi to assent to the award to a Muslim craftsperson”, and that he was therefore proven wrong in his misconception. Modi laughed in response, reports said.

Why the connection? What is the irony behind the dual, contradictory imagery?

Karnataka goes to the polls for one. In just another month’s time. And along with Abdul Rasheed’s beaming gratitude, the ghastly death of Pasha, laced with the consistent calls for the socio-economic boycott of Muslims and their businesses in the state has coloured the electoral campaigning on the political landscape. Pasha’s gruesome death is not the only tale of minority lives lost to targeted gore.

The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) that captured power after a money-induced tussle (read 2019 Operation Kamala!!) has left virtually no stone unturned to permit a grossly divisive politics in the public sphere in the state. Young Muslim women were denied education by targeting the ‘hijab’ (veil), a misguided section within the community making it worse by pushing for the recognition of the veil as an essential religious practice. Open calls for the boycott of businesses run by Muslims were allowed unchecked. And Tipu Sultan, that symbol of a resistance against British colonial rule, is selectively and culturally demonised. Not to mention the national level exclusions at the policy level, purging Indian history text-books selectively, of Gandhi’s assassins and the entire period of Mughal rule. A stony silence from the regime’s leadership marks these unrelenting “changes”. The political opposition, stuttering and hesitant when it comes to all issues related to representation, rights and secularism is muted in its criticism. Anything and all that is Muslim then, past, present (and future?) is sought to be erased. In the midst of this hate, a soppy palliative, the calming image of gifted Abdul Rasheed, the bidri master craftsman swirls around the airwaves.

The connections are not tenuous but obvious, between the hate offenders and the hate mongers. As The Wire  has reported, Puneeth Karehalli, the leader of the March 31 lynch mob that killed Idrees Psha, is the president of a “far-right Hindutva outfit called Raastra Rakshana Pade (literally, ‘national security organisation’)”, which was involved in campaigns against halal food and demanding the expulsion of Muslim vendors from areas near Hindu temples. On his social media platforms, Kerehalli proudly shares several photos of him with prominent BJP leaders like Tejaswi Surya, Kapil Mishra, K. Annamalai, and C.T. Ravi. Both Surya, Mishra and CT Ravi are themselves aggressive hate mongers themselves. It is almost like a cruel re-play of the Stockholm Syndrome, a twisted psychological condition in which hostages, or victims develop a “bond” with the captors; a phenomenon that is supposed to result from abusive relationships built on power-imbalances. Throw in then, the additional spectre of a muted national and regional opposition –on these issues at least—that renders the offenders a false sense of invincibility.

A well-crafted eco-system then, this generation of targeted hate-letting that systematically spirals then from prejudiced attitudes, acts of prejudice, discrimination, violence and then, lo and behold, all out genocide. It encompasses the omnipresent Whatsapp factory, large sections of the electronic media, troll army on social media, non-state actors and speeches by elected officials in the public sphere, inaction by law enforcement and individuals and, finally we reach the peak: mass targeted acts of violence. All this sinister build-up, this hate-letting is and has been met with a stony unaccountable silence from the pinnacle of the pyramid, the most powerful among the regime’s leadership. Leaving it open for this section to play footsie with palliative tokenisms.

The Stick of Second Class Citizenship, the Carrot of the Award

So, as long as fear, servility and invisibility are accepted by the marginalised and “different”, some rewards are guaranteed. The vast community is slurred while stray individuals are handpicked. The aggression of the speech in the public sphere ensures a silence, self-restricted assertions of fair and equitable participation from the whole, so voices who, defiantly, do express this inalienable right, are dubbed shrill and sectarian.

That the blood and gore of the pre-dominant images of othering, the lynch mob, the murder of Muslims, the targeting (albeit differently) of Christians, the rendering of second class status through strident calls of boycott, are today sought to be calmed, placated by last Wednesday’s (April 5) image of a gratified Muslim master craftsman. Four days after this, on Easter Sunday, the big chief of the present regime, the prime minister, even made a customary and ritualistic visit to the Sacred Heart Church in the capital.

Does this imagery work? For a beleaguered and battered Muslim community splintered on class, caste and gender lines, some recognition, a slim sign of hope– even in the form of a gratuitous acknowledgement of nation building through craft– surely cannot be grudged. For the minute Christian minority that harbours its own problems and concerns, similar sops are welcomed. What moral or political right do the rest of India and Indians, especially silent witnesses to hate politics and hate killings –the vast majority—have, in expecting an exclusive resistance from the minorities?

As 2024 looms and state elections pepper the way, only expect more. More such dual stroke imagery where targeted loss is sought to be quietened by tokenisms of gratitude. A deeply fractured and divided Indian people will be selectively patted and pruned. While a seething mass of deprivation and disenchantment swirls. It is only the clarity of a united voice of resistance, based on principled recognition of allyships, between sections and the whole, of the marginalised and more that can resoundingly give an answer. To the cynical and overplayed politics of divide and rule.

Related:

Karnataka’s Shame: Cattle trader, a Muslim, beaten to death by cow vigilantes

Cow vigilantism continues with impunity in northern states of India

Under the guise of cow protection: reports of assault, illegal restraint against Muslims

Worsening Spiral of Communal Hate: State’s role in rising violence against minorities

The threat and lawlessness of “Gau-Rakshaks” in North India

Muslim truck driver allegedly attacked by cow vigilantes in Palwal, Haryana

The post Images in Contrast: Bloodied body of 38 year-old Idrees Pasha, a beaming Abdul Rashid appeared first on SabrangIndia.