Sexual Exploitation | SabrangIndia

The Horror of Residential School Education: A Failed Model for Girl Students

Fri, 03 May 2019 07:11:26 +0000

Students taking lunch in one of the Ashram Schools in Kurkheda block of Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra

The recent incident of sexual exploitation of minor tribal girls in residential school raises the primary issue of safety and security before we evaluate the educational outcomesAs the mainstream media is focused on the sexual exploitation allegations on the CJI and has given due space and time to scrutinize and question every decision that has happened in the Constitutional Court, relatively more severe incident is being reported from Chandrapur district of Maharashtra since the first week of this month. As reported, till now six minor girls have been confirmed to have been sexually assaulted in the tribal hostel of the residential school of Rajura block where their parents sent them for residential education.

The horrific incident came to light due to the deteriorating health conditions of minor girls in the age group of 8-11 years. Their visiting parents saw several girls in an unconscious state in the hostel funded by the State Tribal Department. As the investigation progressed involving local NGOs, the severity and scale of sexual exploitation are becoming visible. In the past few weeks, progressively numbers of victim girls have increased showing the possibility of large scale sexual exploitation in the tribal hostel run by Infant Jesus Education Society in Rajura block. In due course of time, the Nagpur bench of Bombay High Court has taken cognizance of the issue and constituted a committee to look into the matter and has also passed orders to pay compensation to the parents of minor girls. Certain atrocious statements by the local politicians questioning the intent of vulnerable parents have resulted in the registration of offense under the Prevention of Atrocities Act. It seems local interests groups are politically using the incident rather than focusing on delivering justice to the minor girls. Historically, the issue of safety and security of girls in residential schools have followed a wave pattern in terms of state response. To go beyond such politicization and look into the residential education policy is much needed by the state to provide justice and a sustainable policy solution.

The State-Tribal department runs residential school facilities. These residential schools are located in far-flung rural areas. Many residential schools are given to private education trusts or societies for management. The department funds these bodies for running the residential school facility. Often these bodies are run by the people having local political power. As reported, in the case of Infant Jesus Education Society, the body is run by the Ex. MLA. As per the State-Tribal department, a total of 55000 students are studying in Ashram Schools (residential schools) in 2014-15. During my fellowship in Gadchiroli, I have visited several Ashram Schools. Education outcomes are no consideration of schooling in Ashram schools yet. Ashram schools have become places for feeding tribal children only that too in an undignified way; also the quality of food served is not the question to be discussed here. In the last few years itself, there are multiple cases of sexual exploitation of girl students in residential hostels funded by Tribal Department in the surrounding districts. Safety and security of girl students in Ashram school have been a pending issue since long and needs decisive action now.

On the safety of tribal students in these Ashram Schools, a petition had been filed in the Bombay High Court in 2013. A petitioner highlighted deaths of more than a thousand tribal students due to several issues. Despite this, Rajura incident shows that the safety of children particularly girl students has been a grave issue which has escaped serious thinking on the policy framework and received only knee jerk reactions from institutions for the children from vulnerable category despite having statutory and constitutional safeguards.

Residential school education policy has been implemented by the government to provide schooling facility to pursue education in rural areas. Residential education scheme like Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) has been providing residential school education to girl students in rural areas. KGBV is an affirmative action by the Central government to improve a significant gender gap in literacy rate at the block level.

Incidents of sexual exploitation as reported in Rajura hostel have a strong negative impact on the objective of promoting girls’ education to reduce the gender gap in literacy. The state agencies seem to have not comprehensively handled the issue of sexual exploitation in residential schools and actions to redress symptoms would not mitigate the inherent problems in the policy. There is an urgent need for the Central government or the Supreme Court to take cognizance of the safety and security of minor tribal girls studying in residential tribal hostels after Rajura incident and to develop a comprehensive policy to make residential schools safe for the minor girls from vulnerable category.

In the direction of redressing the issue of sexual exploitation of the girl students in residential schools, we could look at the decision taken by the Odisha government. The government has removed male staff members – teaching and non-teaching – from KGBV due to a similar incident of sexual exploitation. The decision was reported to be taken with the consent of the Central government. Even the Orissa High Court endorsed the decision of the government in 2018. The court remarked, “the decision cannot be said to unreasonable as it is in the larger interest of the girl students who are in their tender age and from the remotest areas of the state, dominated by tribal people where there were even no police stations to report any casualty if it happened.” Adopting a similar decision in residential schools funded by the tribal department should be considered. This decision to a large extent removes the threat that the minor girls are otherwise facing daily. Such a policy decision by the state would be a significant right step in ensuring gender justice and promoting the education of vulnerable and voiceless tribal girls staying invisible from the attention of mainstream media.

Santosh Vishwanath Gedam is doctoral student in IIM Ahmedabad.

Courtesy: Counter Current

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Bangladeshi women workers say Saudi bosses rape and abuse them

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 06:40:03 +0000

The workers believed the KSA was a safe place for Muslim women to work because it is the birthplace of Islam

Female Bangladeshi migrant workers have spoken to the Dhaka Tribune of shocking abuse and mistreatment at the hands of their employers in Saudia Arabia.

They said they had been victims of severe maltreatment, sexual, physical and emotional abuse, and deception by their Saudi employers.

All three told the Dhaka Tribune that their employers expected and often demanded sex, with or without their consent. Sometimes, they even had their friends join in.

Their employers expected and often demanded sex, with or without their consent. Sometimes, they even had their friends join in.

Traumatised by their experiences, these women cannot even seek proper help.

They believed the KSA was a safe place for Muslim women to work because it is the birthplace of Islam. In blind faith, they sold off their worldly possessions to secure the funds needed to travel to the country.

They believed the Saudi Arabia was a safe place for Muslim women to work because it is the birthplace of Islam.

The names of the women have been changed to protect their identities.

Sapna moved to the KSA to work as domestic help and take care of disabled children and the elderly.

Prity, a migrant worker from Pabna, was employed as a caregiver in a household with disabled children.

A group of Saudi-bound workers in joyous mood ahead of their trip to the country but little do they know what fate has in stored for them. Photo credit: SYED ZAKIR HOSSAIN/Dhaka Tribune

Hasna, a university graduate, now works 17 hours a day as domestic help for a Saudi policeman because she and her husband could not afford to raise their three children with the wages she was earning previously.

Their contracts offer no recourse for workers subjected to abusive treatment.

A Bangladeshi diplomat currently based in Saudi Arabia agreed that the current MoU for manpower exports to the KSA does not have protective clauses to ensure the safety of female migrant workers.

Prity, has been fighting off the sexual advances from her employer and his friends for about a year. Her employers have responded by trying to beat and starve her into submission.

When the Dhaka Tribune spoke with Prity, she repeatedly asked for help to get home. Her desperation was palpable. Her family is trying their best to bring her back by raising funds to pay back the deposit made by the recruiting agency that got her the job.

Sapna told the Dhaka Tribune: “I do not fight them any more because if I do not let them have sex with me, they beat me and take away my food. I do what I have to for self-preservation, so I do not protest my abuse. Sometimes, they tip me for letting them use my body.”

Hasna’s wage was initially set at 800 Riyals ($213.30), but her employer offered her 200 Riyals for “extra work.” This “extra work” was that she had to work full-time for three different households in the building, cleaning eight rooms, comprising 16-17 hours of work every day.

She wakes up around 5 am and goes to sleep at 1:30 am every day, without a single day off.

“I am bound to work here for 2 years and for the last year, all I have seen of this country are these people’s houses and the staircase,” said Hasna.

Every day, she goes from the ground floor to the third floor and back, at least seven to eight times per day.

“I have to carry four gallons or 64 litres of water from the ground floor to the third floor daily, and sometimes I have to carry gas cylinders as well.

“It gets so overwhelming that I sometimes sit on the steps and cry from exhaustion,” she told the Dhaka Tribune.

“I don’t mind working in front of men, but when they ask me to massage their bodies or remove hairs from their nose or when they touch my body, that I can not accept. But I am forced to accept it,” says Hasna, bursting into tears.

A junior official at the Bangladesh Embassy in KSA, who asked not to be named, said: “Agencies lure unskilled Bangladeshi women to Saudi Arabia with dreams of high paying jobs. Once they get here, they realise how different the situation really is. But they are unable to go back home because their employers confiscate their passports and they have no idea how to reach the embassy.”

Many female Bangladeshi workers who migrate to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are uneducated, unskilled and poor. And this makes them easy prey to all kinds of exploitation.

The reformed labour law of KSA states that domestic labourers are entitled to nine hours of rest every day. Moreover, they may be entitled to one day off per week, if it is stipulated in their employment contract.

None of the migrant Bangladeshi workers this reporter spoke with were given this minimum, legally mandated rest period.

Because migrant labourers’ real-life experiences are often under-reported, and because reports of abuse are often unheeded by aspiring migrants, Bangladeshi women are increasingly travelling to KSA in search of work.

The numbers have risen from 20,952 to 68,286 last year because of an MoU signed by the two countries in 2015. The MoU expires this month.

When questioned about allegations of rape and sexual abuse, Bangladeshi Ambassador to KSA, Golam Moshi said embassy staff were more aware and proactive about the abuse of female domestic workers than before.

“As soon as we are made aware of such an issue, we take action,” said Golam, admitting that this has been a big problem since the Bangladeshi embassy has not been able to pressure the Saudi government into ensuring these migrant workers’ rights.

“The government is trying to help solve this problem by appointing companies to train these women in Saudi culture and the Arabic language,” Golam said.

A senior diplomat, speaking on condition of anonymity, suggested three potential solutions. He suggested introducing protection clauses in any future MoU, implementing fortnightly check-ins conducted by embassy staff and ensuring that workers can retain possession of their passports and phones.

The sheer volume of sexual abuse allegations in Saudi Arabia has prompted the Philippines, Sri Lanka, India, Ethiopia and Nepal to tighten their laws and outreach programmes for female migrant workers.

The demand for Bangladeshi migrant labour is high precisely because they are largely unskilled and there are no laws protecting their rights. This is one reason why Bangladesh lacks leverage when negotiating with Saudi Arabia to protect its citizens’ rights.

Tired of waiting for help, some abused workers manage to flee their places of work and some eventually reach the Bangladesh Embassy.

What happens to the ones who don’t make it to the embassy, remains a mystery.

(Republished with permission from Dhaka Tribune. The original story may be read here).

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