New Delhi: The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is a component under Ayushman Bharat launched by the government to support the economically weaker section (EWS) to avail of healthcare services. The PMJAY scheme was launched in September 2018 to provide health insurance coverage of ₹5 lakh to about 50 crore beneficiaries.

However, a detailed analysis of the PMJAY has shown that those most vulnerable – whether in terms of state communities or gender – have not been able to use it as well as the relatively better off. The analysis was published in Lancet Regional Health —South East Asia and done by researchers from Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune and Duke University School of Medicine, in the US. The study looked at the 2018–2022 period.

The study cited a 2021 national household survey that showed that awareness and enrolment levels were the lowest among households in the poorest 40% of the population. “Thus, overall, the scheme is failing to target the most vulnerable population,” it stated.

The vulnerable population groups, e.g. Scheduled Castes (SCs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), the Islamic population, and families with children and elderly, have higher cases of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) a situation where health spending exceeds 10% of a household’s consumption expenditure. Also, the incidence of Impoverishing Health Expenditure (IHE) is higher in rural areas and poorer states compared to urban areas and wealthier states.

The inequities are reflected in the supply and utilisation of services under PMJAY. To assess equity in PMJAY’s supply-side components, the study measured the number and distribution of empanelled hospitals. Information about supply-side components like medical equipment, drugs, and health workforce was unavailable. To assess utilisation-side components of PMJAY, they measured claim volumes, claim values, and enrollment rates.

The report states that states with higher poverty headcounts and disease burdens have a higher need for PMJAY and vice versa. However, the utilisation of claim volume and value is higher in states with lesser needs, e.g. Kerala and Himachal Pradesh, and lesser in states with higher requirements, like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam. “This discrepancy in need vs utilisation is due to poor supply-side factors, including a low number of empanelled hospitals, an inefficient beneficiary identification system, and weak health governance in states with greater poverty and disease burdens. A similar pattern is seen at the district level, where socio-economically backward districts (also known as aspirational districts) have lower beneficiary identification rates, the total number of claims, and total claim amounts than non-aspirational districts. The majority of aspirational districts are located in Jharkhand, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh,” the report states.

The report further states that enrollment under the scheme is almost equal for males (50.8%) and females (49.2%) nationally. However, the total number (volume) and value of claims are higher for males than females (51.5% and 56.4% vs 48.5% and 43.6%, respectively). Out of the top 50 procedures in PMJAY, 60% of procedures are utilised more by males and 30% are utilised more by females.

SC and ST groups are considered the two most vulnerable in India and are, therefore, eligible for PMJAY. “Overall, these groups comprise approximately 28% of India’s population. However, there is little information to understand the utilisation. At the national level, SC and ST populations have contributed to only 5% and 2% of private hospital admissions, respectively, since the scheme’s inception,” the report states.

The report concludes that PMJAY has been updated in several aspects, including a larger population, services and cost coverages, awareness creation, and monitoring and evaluation. However, it still lags in binding domains like equity in supply and utilisation, targeting vulnerable populations, including outpatient coverage, and dynamic cost coverage. “The inequitable supply and utilisation affect the most vulnerable groups. It risks creating a spiral where the most deprived classes can fall into further deprivation. PMJAY should work on the above-discussed shortfalls, which will need an increase in supply-response regarding healthcare infrastructure and services and an overall increment in GHE,” it states.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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New Delhi: Suneet Chopra, a well known face in the art world and a leader of the All India Agricultural Workers Union (AIAWU) passed away on Tuesday. The octogenarian leader collapsed on his way to the AIAWU office here, ahead of the massive Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Rally to be held on Wednesday at Delhi’s Ramlila Grounds.

Extending condolences to his family and mourning the sudden death of its former joint secretary, AIAWU said in a release that was a known face of struggles for agricultural workers and rural poor in India and had led numerous movements across the country.

A much sought-after art critic, who wrote regular columns in national dailies and magazines, Chopra was also general secretary of the All India Indo-Korean Friendship Association.

“His demise is a big loss, not only to the communist movement, but the entire democratic and progressive movement in India. The AIAWU dips its red flag in the memory of Comrade Suneet Chopra,” the organisation said in a release.

Chopra was introduced to the communist movement in his student days in School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS) in London. After completing his education there, he joined the liberation movement in Palestine. Later he joined the Centre for Studies in Regional Development in Jawaharlal Nehru University and got involved in student politics. He was one of the persons who drafted the JNUSU constitution, the release added.

From the student movement, Chopra joined the Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI) during its inception and was elected as its founding treasurer in 1980. “He was also elected to the Central Committee of Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1995,” AIAWU said.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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Bhopal: Upset with the poor implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and the day-to-day intervention of the Forest Department officials on their farmlands, a group of over 4,000 tribals picketed Burhanpur collector office on January 24.

Under the banner of the Jagrit Adivasi Dalit Sangathan (JADS) – an outfit that works for the marginalised in the Nimar division of the state – over 4,000 tribals carried out a long march between the District Hospital and the collector’s office.

24.01.23 बुरहानपुर ज्ञापन.pdf (510.51 KB)

They alleged everyday harassment by forest cops and the involvement of forest officials in the illegal felling of trees to mint money.

They also demanded proper implementation of the Forest Rights Act, better education infrastructure and electricity in their villages – which is missing even as the country celebrated its 74th Republic Day with glam and glitz.

After reaching the collectorate, the agitating tribals demanded to meet the District Collector Bhavya Mittal in a bid to hand over a memorandum and put forth their demands. But it was turned down by the collector who sent her subordinate SDM Deepak Chouhan and Lakhan Aggrawal, joint-secretary, Burhanpur Tribal Affairs Department, to meet the protesters.

The enraged tribal protestors asked pointed questions to SDM about the Forest Rights Act and its violation which he failed to reply to. A protester could be seen saying in a video: “The officers neither know the laws nor can implement them and have the audacity to take action against the wrongdoers. If they leave the chair, we can run the administration.”

In front of the officials, they alleged that the forest officials and cops often demand money from tribal farmers whose land applications are pending and who live close to the forest.

Protesters said that those who refuse to pay forest officials were termed ‘outsiders’ or ‘encroachers’ and their ready-to-harvest crops or even homes were mowed down with JCBs. “Under the garb of implementing forest laws, they demand money from the farmers for running tractors and thresher machines in their fields. They are also minting money by selling forest produce and costly woods,” alleged Antram Awase, a tribal protester associated with JADS.

According to Madhya Pradesh Tribal Area Development Planning (TADP), 1.98 lakh claims of tribals have been taken into consideration to review through Van Mitra App by October 17, 2022. Of these, only 34, 932 applications got approval while 1.09 lakh applications were rejected again. Remaining, 53, 517 applications are still pending, the officials said.

“The process to verify the documents and holding Gram Sabhas got delayed owing to the COVID-19 lockdown. We are trying to put things on track,” said an officer.

According to the agitators, the verification process of their land rights under the Forest Rights Act is pending even after 15 years. In some places, land rights applications were rejected without holding Gram Sabhas or without Sabha’s consent – which is a mandatory clause.

The agitators also opposed the New Forest Conservation Rules, 2022 which enable handing over of the forest land to the companies without the consent of Gram Sabha.

Apart from the implementation of the Forest Rights Act, the protesters demanded proper schools, electricity, jobs and a mandi in the tribal-populated Nepanagar town of Burhanpur district. Tribals are travelling to Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and other states in search of wages, they said. Families along with their children are becoming bonded labourers in the sugarcane fields by taking an “advance” of only Rs. 15,000 – Rs 20,000 for three months and also facing sexual exploitation. 

“The government, which spends over Rs 100 crores on two days of an NRI meet to entertain foreign guests in Indore, has no money to spend on tribals’ education, health services, adequate electricity and village development. This point is repeatedly highlighted by tribals,” said Madhuri, one of the key leaders of the outfit. 

In the end, the protesters handed over a memorandum addressing the chief minister, appealing to him to stop illegal felling, implement Forest Rights Act, and provide education and electricity in tribal areas.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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The Union finance ministry allowed the sale of controversial electoral bonds (EBs) for 15 more days by amending the Electoral Bonds Scheme after overruling objections of certain ministry officials and the law and justice ministry.

In a supplementary affidavit filed in the Supreme Court (SC), NGO Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) has contended that the amendment is intended to “ensure that more and more donations can be made in a completely opaque manner before state elections”, LiveLaw reported.

The Scheme was amended on November 7 to allow an additional period of 15 days for the sale of EBs ahead of the Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh Assembly elections. Two days before the amendment, the 23rd tranche of EBs was sold for subscription between November 9-15.

On December 3, the sale of the 24th tranche was notified from Monday onwards during the second phase of voting for the Gujarat elections will be held till December 12, PTI reported.

The Scheme was amended and the sale of the 24th tranche was allowed despite the SC scheduled to hear five petitions challenging the Scheme on Tuesday. Besides ADR, Common Cause and CPI (Marxist) have challenged the Scheme questioning if it facilitates unaccounted anonymous political donations.

Officials in the finance and law and justice ministries and the department of economic affairs had warned senior officials of the finance ministry against amending the Scheme since the matter is sub judice in the SC and the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is in force, the ADR said relying on documents obtained by transparency activist Commodore (Retd.) Lokesh Batra under the RTI Act.

The Centre amended the scheme despite the suggestion to obtain a legal opinion from the law and justice ministry and obtain the Election Commission of India’s (ECI) clearance.

In response to the objections of the officials, solicitor general of India Tushar Mehta said that there is no prohibition on amending the Scheme and allowing an additional window of 15 days similar to the extra 30 days allowed in the year of Lok Sabha elections.

While the economic affairs secretary in his response regarding obtaining the ECI’s clearance, according to the affidavit, said that a similar amendment was proposed in March 2021 which was noted by the ECI and therefore another reference was not required.

“The concurrence of ECI for the amendment or for the issuance from the MCC perspective is not needed. However, the ECI may be informed about the proposed issuance,” senior finance ministry officials said overruling the reservations.

Alleging “an absolute abuse of power by the party [the BJP] in power, the ADR submitted: “The fact that the ministry of finance did not consider it necessary to take prior approval of the Election Commission before bringing an amendment to the Electoral Bonds Scheme, 2018, amounts to an absolute abuse of power by the party in power and indicates suspicion towards the intent behind the amendment as well as government’s averseness towards the idea of participatory democracy.”

The ministry, according to the affidavit, had “deliberately tried to withhold the information regarding the amendment to the Electoral Bonds Scheme from the Commission”.

In a letter addressed to the cabinet secretary, Centre, chief secretaries and chief electoral officers of all States and UTs, the ECI had written that once the MCC comes into effect, the finance ministry would need to take its prior approval on any policy announcements, fiscal measures, taxation related issues and such other financial reliefs, and ministries would have to take its approval before announcing any benefits, the ADR submitted.

The SC, the petitioner further submitted, has not only recognised but endorsed the concept of MCC. The supplementary affidavit has been filed in the writ petition filed by the ADR in 2017 challenging the amendments made through Finance Act, 2017, which paved the way for the Scheme.

The introduction of EBs through the Finance Act, 2017, have removed the existing cap on campaign donations by companies, which was earlier fixed at 7.5% of net profit in the last three years and have legalised anonymous donations which opens doors to unchecked, unknown fundings to political parties, the ADR said.

“The Electoral Bonds Scheme has opened floodgates to unlimited corporate donations to the political parties and anonymous financing by Indian as well as foreign companies which can have serious repercussions on the Indian Democracy,” the petitioner added.

Batra termed that amendment “shocking” when the matter is set to be heard by the SC, The Wire reported. In 2018, he said, the Centre had already allowed the “illegal sale” of EBs beyond the time limit in view of the 2019 Lok Sabha election.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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New Delhi: The All India Democratic Women’s Association (AIDWA) has written to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law & Justice about reforms in personal laws.

The organisation, which has actively dealt with issues of personal laws for the last 40 years, noted its surprise about the Committee’s decision to ask for memoranda concerning the entire gamut of personal law within a short period of 21 days.

“This gives the impression that the entire exercise of asking for memoranda is not a serious attempt to get the opinions of various organisations and people working on the issue, but is just a formality. If it were serious in eliciting views and in getting Memoranda, the Committee would have allotted far more time for this purpose. It is unacceptable and absurd that suggestions for such wide-ranging reforms can be given in three weeks,” the letter noted.

In its memorandum, AIDWA unequivocally opposed a Unifrom Civil Code (UCC), stating that it cannot be equated to equality.

“The 21st Law Commission to whom the Modi Government had referred the question of the UCC, had clearly stated that “a Uniform Civil Code is neither necessary nor desirable.” It further recommended reform in different personal laws and tolerance of plurality and differences in the different personal laws. AIDWA advocates reform in different personal laws in consultation with the concerned community, particularly with the women of the community.”

Furthermore, the women’s rights organisation called some of the aspects identified for review “vague.” The Committee has said it is thinking about reforming personal laws, but it hasn’t delineated the areas which would be subjected to reform.

“This can only mean codifying Muslim personal law and perhaps laws which come under the Sixth Schedule, pertaining to the tribal areas.”

AIDWA said that mere codification does not give equal rights to women, adding that it could only be after extensive discussions with the communities involved.

“We have seen how Muslims have been targeted for exercising their choice to wear a Hijab and how this has affected their fundamental right to education. Also, the Central government, without protecting the rights of divorced Muslim women, initiated the law to put Muslim men in jail with an obvious communal intent for a practice that the Supreme Court had already declared null and void. Muslim youth who have been in consensual relationships have been targeted and jailed in several fictitious cases of ‘Love Jihad’.”

In these circumstances, we are fearful that on the pretext of reviewing of personal law, the effort may be to bring in uniform laws, which will be majoritarian laws, and not laws that give substantive equal rights to women. Uniformity of law by itself will not result in substantive equal rights for women, and in fact, will probably result in duplicating Hindu laws and their gender biases on all communities,” AIDWA said it its memorandum.

Furthermore, AIDWA wrote that nothing had been done to ensure equal rights for women over marital property. Additionally, as per AIDWA, Hindus and other women do not have equal land rights in agricultural property in a few such, such as Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.

“Though the Hindu Succession Act was amended in 2005 to remove an exception which exempted agricultural land from the purview of the HSA, the inheritance to agricultural land continues to be governed by some state laws which actively stop women from this inheritance. In fact, these laws have been placed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution with the intention of keeping them outside the purview of courts.”

The organisation also discussed anti-conversion laws, child marriage, etc.

“We request the Committee to make its position UCC clear so that we are assured that the present exercise is not a step towards bringing about a Uniform Civil Code. We, therefore, urge the Committee not to embark on this mammoth task in such a short period and withdraw the three weeks deadlines. We also urge the Committee to have hearings in centres throughout the country as has been done in the past on women-related Laws.”

AIDWA Memorandum on Reforms in Personal Laws.pdf 

Courtesy: Newsclick

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Bhopal: Well-known Hindi and Bundeli poet Mahesh Katare Sugam has received a house demolition notice from Madhya Pradesh’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government for raising local issues through his poems and complaining on the CM Helpline.

Katare, his wife and son have been staying at Madhur Colony, located at Chandrashekhar Ward, in Bina Municipal Council of Sagar District, since 2011. On August 4, he received a notice in the name of his son Prabhat Katare alleging that his house was built illegally and without approval, a violation of Section 187(8) of the MP Municipality Act, 1962, and is a punishable offence.

The notice asked Katare to produce the relevant documents of his house or else the “illegal” structure will be demolished and the charges of removing the “encroachment” will be recovered from him.

“First of all, the notice was served in my son’s name Prabhat Katare although the house is registered in his mother’s name Meera Katre. Secondly, I took the required building permission and got the layout approved by the corporation on March 26, 2011. Besides, I have been paying municipal taxes since then,” Katare told Newsclick.

When asked why has he been served the notice if the house documents are correct, Katare said, “There are more than 1,000 homes in Madhur Colony majority of which have been built illegally. After constructing my house in 2011, I complained to officials to provide basic amenities, including roads, water, electricity and proper drainage,” to the colony.”

Katare, who received several awards, including the Hindi Akademi Award in 2017, added, “With the support of my son, who runs a pathology lab, I have been complaining on CM Helpline and to local officials. To drum up public support, I often write poems like Nagar Palika So Rahi Bhaiya and Bina Nagri Ro Rahi Bhaiya and recite them on public platforms. It may have not gone down well with the officials.”

The poet alleged that a municipal council official visited the colony urging him to withdraw one of his complaints and that the problems in the colony will be fixed in return. “I received this notice days after I withdrew the complaint.”

Despite repeated attempts, collector Sagar Deepak Arya did not respond to calls. Municipal council CMO Surekha Jatav refused to tell the reason for issuing the notice. “I don’t know why he has been served the notice,” he told Newsclick. 

Satyam Devaliya, an engineer with the council, told Newsclick, “More than 60-70 people in Bina have been served notices in the last two weeks on reports submitted by revenue officers. The colony where poet Katare lives is illegal and the developer was also served notice in the past. If he [Katare] possesses the relevant documents, no action would be taken action against him.”   

Madhya Pradesh has recently witnessed a wave of cases in which the houses of the accused in petty cases have been demolished without proper notice and following rules.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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In an alarming letter to the Election Commission of India, Sitaram Yechury, general secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) has taken note of concerns of security, privacy and voter deletions with the Aadhaar Voter ID linking, that the ECI has decided to restart now.

According to the EC the linking of voter ID cards with Aadhaar cards is being done with a view to establish the identity of electors and authentication of entries in the electoral roll.

In the letter, Yechury pointed that “As part of this exercise several Chief Electoral Officers across the country have obtained the Aadhaar data of voters from several other databases like NPR, PDS and State Resident Data Hubs(SRDH). These electoral offices linked Aadhaar with Voter ID of 31 crore voters without informing the individual voters and instead using algorithms to automatically link them based on already existing data.”

“This process has resulted in voter deletions across the country and in particular in the state of Telangana, where the NERP-AP exercise of Aadhaar with Voter ID was originally developed,” he stated.

With all these previous electoral malpractices with regards to Aadhaar, Yechury has found the lack of consultations with political parties before the start of this process as concerning.

He said, “India currently does not have a data protection or privacy law and neither does the Election Commission of India have a privacy policy with regards to maintenance of Aadhaar data of voters. The stated purpose of the Aadhaar voter ID linking is primarily to remove duplicate voters, but with concerns of duplicate Aadhaar raised by CAG in its report on UIDAI, this is a hasty exercise.”

“It is the duty of the Election Commission of India to investigate these serious lapses in voter deletions and data breaches that occurred. The Election Commission of India is mandated to protect the constitutional rights of the voters. Until the Election Commission produces an investigation report into these incidents, and comes out with a clear checks and balances this linking exercise must be kept under abeyance,” Yechury stated.

The Election Laws (Amendment) Bill, authorising the linking of Aadhaar with Voter IDs, was passed by the Lok Sabha through a voice vote in December 2021.

Yechury has demanded that ECI must delete all the Aadhaar data collected before the amendments to the Representation of People’s Act in 2021 allowing this linking procedure.

“With the lack of a data protection law, we oppose any potential sharing of all Voter-IDs linked with Aadhaar to be shared with the Ministry of Home Affairs for either for the purpose of building the NATGRID database, the National Population Registry, the National Registry of Citizens and any new and upcoming databases of birth and death registries. We oppose usage of this data collected only for electoral purposes to be used for other purposes and demand a purpose limitation for this data,” Yechury said.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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New Delhi: Teachers of government schools in Haryana’s Karnal district have hired cleaning staff to keep schools hygienic, with piles of garbage mounting on or near the premises. In a survey conducted recently, it was found that the majority of schools have themselves arranged for cleaning staff and are paying them from their own pockets.

According to a report in The Tribune, cleaning staff has not been recruited in schools since the past several years and a majority of government schools in the district are grappling with shortage and mounting filth. This has left teachers with no choice but to hire cleaning staff, mainly for sweeping the premises, and pay from their own pockets.

The data from the Education Department, cited in the report, shows that around 48% of sweepers’ posts are vacant in different schools. The data shows that against the sanctioned posts of 668 cleaning staff or sweepers in the middle, high and secondary schools and District Education Office (DEO), 349 posts have been filled while the remaining 319 are lying vacant.

The officials told The Tribune that no recruitment of cleaning staff was conducted after 1998 in the department leading to a gradual increase in the shortage.

According to the report, only in primary schools, a budget of Rs 8,000 per worker/ per month has been made from this month. While in other schools, comprising senior secondary, high and middle, there is no budget provision for staff for sweeping the premises. 

Some teachers feel that the Prime Minister has been asking people to maintain cleanliness through the Swachh Bharat Mission, but schools are neglected in this mission as nobody is paying attention to recruiting new sanitation workers.

“Our sweeper retired nearly six months ago, and no staff was given to us by the department despite several requests, so we arranged one from the village. Which we pay from our own pocket,” a teacher of the Nilokheri block reportedly told The Tribune.

One teacher from Indri block said no recruitment was made for the past several years, due to which schools had been facing a lot of problems related to hygiene.

Several government officials have admitted that there has been no budget allocation towards recruiting cleaning staff in primary schools. Several others have demanded that the government should appoint sweepers in schools.

District Education Officer Raj Pal told The Tribune  that the department had sent a request to the higher authorities to fill all vacant posts of cleaning and sanitation staff and were hopeful that all vacant posts would be filled soon.

Rohtash Verma, District Elementary Education Officer (DEEO), said that earlier, there was no budget allocation for sweepers in primary schools, but from this month, a provision of Rs 8,000 has been made in the budget and sent to the BEOs for disbursement.

Courtesy: Newsclick

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An assistant professor in Department of Political Science of Hyderabad Central University has allegedly leaked a question paper of university’s Ph.D. entrance examination 2018, favoring one person affiliated to ABVP students’ group. This news is being circulated on social media among the university students, and posters carrying this message have been pasted at several locations inside the university Campus.

Several concerned students have staged a protest last week demanding an enquiry into the matter.

The posters allege that the Political Science Entrance Question Paper 2018-19 was leaked before the exam to some of the right-wing students by Dr. Veerababu, assistant professor. A poster also alleges that the vice chancellor is asking Dr. Veerababu to compromise with the person who has come out with this revelation. The anonymous posters are titled “Leak Leak Leak” with the question written at the bottom: “Are we going to get Justice?”

Devesh Nigam, Controller of Examinations, denied any malpractice in the examination and questioned the authenticity of the posters. “The exam in question was conducted eight months ago on June 5, 2018, and the allegations made are beyond imagination,” Nigam told Newsclick over the phone. He added that there is no evidence mentioned on the posters, the posters have any signature or authenticity.

A student from the Political Science Department, who wanted to be unnamed, told Newsclick that the department had constituted a committee to look into the matter.

When asked about constitution of a committee for probing the leakage, Nigam said that his office is unaware of any such committee.
The head of department remained unreachable.

Meanwhile, the list of the selected candidates has been removed from the university website.

The professor in question, Dr. Veerababu had joined the university in 2017. According to sources, Veerababu was a member of right-wing students’ group ABVP during his student life in Osmania University.

Courtesy: Newsclick.in
 

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